有一個理論說明”當電梯配重箱重量相等於電梯載人車廂重量時，電梯運行最省電”。本論文根據此理論，設計與製作一台具備自動調節配重之節能電梯。經實測驗證，其功率消耗與一般傳統電梯相比，最多可減少50%的功率消耗。由於一般傳統電梯皆採用固定配重，且其配重多為電梯廂空載時重量的1.5倍，因此當電梯廂與電梯固定配重不平衡時，電梯即需消耗許多電能去維電梯正常運作；有鑒於此，本論文以傳統電梯機構為基本架構，提出一套改良方式，將原固定配重之配重箱，改良為可調節重量之配重箱，以減少電梯電能消耗。我們於電梯大樓的樓頂、中間樓層與地下室分別配置一個水箱，共計上、中、下三個水箱，當電梯廂空載時，電梯廂本身重量等同於可調節重量之配重箱重量，如此可使電梯在靜止狀態時，達到馬達最小功率消耗。然而，當有乘客進入電梯廂時，即破壞了電梯廂與電梯配重箱的平衡，此時系統會依據目前電梯配重箱所在樓層位置，決定由上、中、下水箱中的一個，作為配重水之充填來源或排放之容器，並將適量的配重水輸送至電梯配重箱中，或反向將多餘配重水自電梯配重箱中排出至中、下水箱中，以調整配重箱重量，達到電梯廂與電梯配重箱的平衡，如此即可達到電梯運行功率消耗最小化之節能目的。 It is well-known that “the most energy saving way for an elevator operation is to adjust the weight of counterweight box to balance the weight of the carriage”. This thesis uses the knowledge to design an energy saving elevator in which the weight of the counterweight box can be adjusted by a weight adjusting system to balance the weight of elevator carriage at any time. Experiment result shows that the power consumption is at most reduced to 50%. In traditional elevators, there is a fixed weight counterweight box, which is generally as one and a half times of the weight of the empty elevator carriage, for the operation of elevator. If the people number in the carriage is changed, the counterweight box with fixed weight cannot balance with the weight of carriage with people, the elevator will consume more power to operate. Therefore, in this thesis, we propose a novel method to improve the structure of the traditional elevator in which the counterweight weight can be adjusted to balance the weight of the carriage such that the power consumption is reduced. There are three water tanks set at the top, middle floor and bottom floor, respectively, of a building. When the carriage is still and empty, its weight equals to the weight of the empty counterweight box. Then the energy consumption is most saving. While if there are some people entering or leaving the elevator carriage, the weight of the carriage is changed. Then according to the weight and position of the counterweight box, the weight adjusting system can assign suitable water tank to pour water into or draw water off the counterweight box such that the weights of both sides are equal. Therefore, the power consumption of the elevator operation will be reduced obviously.
