6歲孩童與成人在數字和具體數量上的自動化處理; Automatic processing of symbolic and non-symbolic number magnitude in 6-year-olds and adults

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Title:	6歲孩童與成人在數字和具體數量上的自動化處理;Automatic processing of symbolic and non-symbolic number magnitude in 6-year-olds and adults
Authors:	王靜秀;Wang,Ching-Hsiu
Contributors:	認知與神經科學研究所
Keywords:	數字;具體數量;數值史楚普作業;magnitude;numerical stroop task;symbolic;non-symbolic
Date:	2013-11-26
Issue Date:	2014-02-13 17:52:57 (UTC+8)
Publisher:	國立中央大學
Abstract:	數量概念與數字一直是未來數學學習的基礎，然而孩童對於數量的認知概念有階段性的發展，在過去的研究中發現數字與數量之間的處理達至十分精熟狀態約是在7歲之後，因此6~8歲在數字概念的發展上是十分重要且關鍵的，但是許多研究之間的發現並不一致，再加上東、西方文化上的差異，而使得孩童對於數量認知概念的發展階段上有些許的不同。本研究主要想探討孩童在數字與數量概念之間的自動化處理。利用數值史楚普作業(Numerical Stroop task) 去探討6歲孩童在進行物理大小判斷時受到數值大小的干擾程度。由於6歲是孩童正在建立數字系統的時期，而我們想瞭解孩童的數量概念，因此我們採用兩種(數字和圓點)方式去探討孩童對於數量的認知概念。然而我們的結果與先前的發現很不一致，我們發現6歲孩童在對數字的物理大小判斷上受到數值上的干擾，這表示孩童對於數字的處理上已經達到自動化，而且對於具體數量的處理上也十分精熟，相較於成人的實驗結果，孩童的表現受到具體數量的干擾高於數字，這意味著孩童目前較依賴以具體數量的方式處理，然而隨著對數字的使用頻繁而讓我們對於數量處理的方式有所改變，由此可知我們對於數量的認知概念會隨著年齡上的發展，逐漸地從具體概念發展至抽象概念。透過此研究結果可以瞭解孩童的數量認知發展，在先前的研究中發現7歲之後的孩童在數字處理上達自動化，雖然6歲孩童的發展階段介於具體數量與數字間，但在我們的結果中發現6歲孩童不論在哪種情況中皆已達自動化處理，此結果顯示我們的孩童對於數量的處理上發展較早且快速，而且隨著數量認知上的發展孩童對於數量的處理會發生改變：由原本以具體數量為主要的處理方式轉變成以數字處理為主。 Numerical concepts have been the basis for mathematics learning. It is very important that stage of cognitive development for numerical of concept in children. Previous study found that the ability to automatically process numerical is approximately in 6-8 years old, but many studies findings are not consistent. Because ofthe Eastern and Western cultural differences may make the number of children for the concept development stage of cognitive slightly different. Our study aims to investigate the number of children between the concepts in the Arabic number and numerical automated processing. Using numerical Stroop tasks, this study examined whether 6 years old showed automatic processing of numerical magnitude. In this study children and adults performed numerical and physical size judgments on a symbolic (Arabic number) and non-symbolic (groups of dots) on numerical Stroop task.The outcomes would reveal whether an interference effect can be obtained irrespective of notation. We found that 6 years old children showed automatic processing of numerical magnitude. Our results are different from previous studies’ findings about the onset age for automatic processing of numerical magnitude. In physical size comparison on both tasks by children revealed an interference effect for non-symbolic higher than symbolic notation, indicating that non-symbolic is related to the mathematical or cognitive abilities at the present stage. Therefore this development of numerical of with age and numerical concept developed from the concrete to the abstract concept. Because of we were increased frequency of use of abstract number that let we more mastery for Arabic number.
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