本論文主要研究台灣現代主義世代的小說，並以「戰爭」、「存在」、「世代精神」為切入點。戰爭背景與意象、存在主義思潮、世代精神三者在冷戰時期台灣的空間，既是並列關係，也是層遞關係。現代主義世代作家，他們從拋不掉的歷史與世界的「戰爭」框架，促使其對西方存在主義的媒合與接受，戰爭意象與存在主義在現代主義世代作家當中成為一種交織混雜的元素，最後表現在他們文本時，成為這一代作家特有的世代精神面貌，此為本論文從台灣現代主義世代小說家的境遇書寫題材當中所欲探究的核心論題。 在學術研究史上，本論文延續七○年代以來鄉土文學論戰的第一讀，與解嚴前後為現代主義平反並經典化的第二讀，自我定位為現代主義經典的第三讀，期能從現代主義的研究中，細部分殊出一條存在主義文學的研究脈絡，並考察其與台灣「戰爭背景」之間的在地生成關係。 本論文前後分七個章節，從歷史、記憶、思潮到作品，多面向考察台灣存在主義文學作品的媒合歷史成因及在地化面貌，並特別串聯世代作家在「戰爭」與「存在」之間的關係性思考。首先回到中國的戰爭及東亞的冷戰歷史框架，再加上戰爭世代回憶錄所呈現的存儲記憶，共同形塑現代主義世代所承接的國族創傷記憶究竟為什麼樣的景況，為歷史與記憶層面的背景考察。其次存在主義思潮從西方的興起便與戰爭背景相關，從哲學內涵、文學範式，到傳播途徑的考察，再到對台灣文壇產生的影響，是思潮發展層面的背景考察。最後以現代主義世代作品所表現的「處境」觀察面向，從當時時空的國族流離處境，到回溯根源的戰爭歷史處境，最後回到在地化個人處境，從三個層面去觀照存在主義如何受到現代主義世代作家的接受與轉化，並在世代作家的小說文本當中，形成在地化與經典化的現象，並從中呈現出世代作家整體的精神史樣貌。; In this thesis, I study fictions of modernism in Taiwan. War, existentialism and generational spirit are the major three points in my study. Novelists of modernism lived in a background of war, and this background made them accept existentialism indirectly. Images of war and existentialism were intertwined with each other in the writing of modernist authors. Finally, we can find a special feature of generational spirit in their works. This is the most important theme in my study that discusses situation writing of modernist fictions in Taiwan.
In the history of research about modernists in Taiwan, the criticism of the first stage appeared during the 1970s, and that of the second stage appeared after 1988. I expect that this study can become a criticism of the third stage. I try to have a further study on existentialist literature in Taiwan from modernist perspectives, exploring how existentialism localize the war images in post-war Taiwan.
This thesis contains seven chapters. I try to study modernist writing of existentialism, respectively examining its related history, collective memories, cultural sentiments and works. From these perspectives, I hope to pinpoint why existentialism could be accepted by modernists in Taiwan and became a localized trait. Besides, I attempt to sort out the relation between the background of war and existentialism in Taiwan's modernist works. Finally, I want to show the different kind of situation writing of fictions in the modernist generation, analyze the features of existentialism, and show the whole conditions of the generational spirit of modernism.
