| 摘要: | 台灣是個海島國家，就地緣戰略理論而言，海島國家發展海權是天經地義之事，同時以台灣的發展史觀，從16世紀，荷蘭、西班牙分別佔領台灣之南、北部，至鄭成功經略，到清朝經營，日本佔領均是以台灣為經貿中心，向東南亞、東北亞、閩粵地區，作輻射式的商業貨物之交流轉運，流通各地之有無，繁榮民生經濟。因此，從地緣戰略位置及台灣歷史發展來看，台灣有具優越的條件能夠積極向海洋發展，海洋是台灣的未來，因為台灣的陸地已經開發殆盡，到達負荷的最極限，在面臨一個不熟悉的藍色國土，與周遭國家的互動更為重要，因此在聯合國海洋法公約生效後，如何去管理這片廣大的海洋將是政府首先遭遇的問題。要解決海洋立國的問題，首先必須先確立我國之海域疆界，聯合國海洋法公約締造了新的海洋法秩序，為維護我國海洋權利與國際地位，我國亦相應進行海洋立法，制定領海及鄰接區法，專屬經濟海域及大陸礁層法及相關法律規範等。另為因應兩岸特殊關係，台灣地區與大陸地區人民關係條例(以下簡稱兩岸關係條例)創設限制、禁止水域制度，對進入限制禁止水域內的大陸船舶為特別規定。此外，為維護台灣地區及海岸秩序與資源之保護利用，確保國家安全，保障人民權益，制定海岸巡防法。台灣在生態、歷史、文化、政治與經濟，莫不與海洋息息相關。既是海洋國家，自當喚起國民海洋意識，振作國家海洋權益，積極保護海洋生態，為子孫萬代，立永續家園。為創造健康的海洋環境，安全的海洋活動與繁榮的海洋產業，進而邁向優質海洋國家。謹將海洋管理策略訂定如下：
一、 維護海洋權益，確保國家發展
(一) 掌握國際發展趨勢
(二) 增進海洋國際合作
(三) 強化海洋政策法制
(四) 健全海洋行政體制
二、 強化海域執法，維護海上安全
(一) 強化海域執法功能
(二) 健全海域交通秩序
(三) 提昇海域安全服務
(四) 充實海域維安能量
三、 保護海洋環境，厚植海域資源
(一) 提昇污染防治能量
(二) 健全保護自然海岸
(三) 永續經營海洋資源
(四) 加速推動富裕工作
四、 健全經營環境，發展海洋產業
(一) 強化航港造船產業
(二) 推動永續海洋漁業
(三) 拓展海洋科技產業
(四) 擴大海洋觀光遊憩
五、 深耕海洋文化，形塑民族特性
(一) 重建航海歷史圖像
(二) 打造海洋空間特色
(三) 保存傳揚海洋文化
(四) 形塑海洋生活意象
六、 培育海洋人才，深耕海洋科研
(一) 強化教育培育人才
(二) 提升科研整合資訊
(三) 建構安全永續環境
(四) 推動產業開發科技
;Taiwan is an island country. Despite of its location, it’s nature for an island country advancing its power over the sea. Looking back to Taiwan history, southern and northern part of Taiwan was ruling by Dutch and Spain in the 16th century, and even later ruled by Zen-chen-gong, Chin Dynasty and Japan; Taiwan has been the center of trading and economy all the time, and flourishing the trading business, commerce, and civil economy radioactively from Taiwan to southern-east Asia, northern-east Asia, Macau and southern part of Fukien Province. Nevertheless, with the advantage of Taiwan’s location and rich past, Taiwan is in perfect condition to expand its ocean business enthusiastically. Taiwan’s future is depended on the sea since its land has been over-used, and has reached its limit. Interact with others countries is more important while facing such an unfamiliar blue continent, so how to manage this broad sea is going to be our government’s first problem encountered after UNCLS III taking effect. In order to solve the problem among our marginal sea, our territory sea has to be defined first. UNCLOS III has created new-fangled orders and laws. To protect our power over the sea and international position, Taiwan should also make law of our own and define marginal sea, continuous zone, EEZ, and continental shelf. Furthermore, for the special occasion between Taiwan and Mainland China and in relation to Law of Taiwan people and Mainland China people’s relationship, providing specific rules for Mainland China’s boats entering restricted water zone is necessary. Moreover, Law of coast patrol is made to maintain order of Taiwan’s coast, to safeguard our resources, to ensure our national security and to guarantee our people’s rights and interests. In all aspects, no matter ecologically, historically, culturally, politically, or economically, Taiwan is closely linked to the sea. Since Taiwan is an island country, it is important for our people to have correct ideas of lifting our sea power and protecting our sea environment; only that we can build a healthy ocean environment with safe ocean activities and prosperous ocean business which makes Taiwan a high grade sea country.
Plain Sea management strategy:
I. Safeguard sea rights and interest & Ensure country development
1. To know the international developing trend well.
2. Increasing international ocean cooperation
3. Strengthen ocean policy and strategy
4. Complete ocean law enforcement system.
II. Strengthen law enforcement and Keep peace on sea
1. Strengthen Law enforcement over seas
2. Develop sturdy ocean traffic
3. Increase security service on sea
4. Improve capability to safeguard our ocean.
III. Protect ocean environment and Enrich ocean resources
1. Improve capability to solve pollution
2. Protect coast nature
3. Circulate ocean resources’ usage
4. Hasten ocean resource enrichment
IV. Develop environment for sturdy sea business
1. Strengthen shipbuilding business
2. Give an impetus to fishing business
3. Develop ocean technology
4. Expend sea tourism
V. Create ocean culture and Represent Taiwan character
1. Rebuild voyage history
2. Create ocean specialty
3. Keep and spread sea culture
4. Represent Taiwan ocean image
VI. Foster researcher for ocean technology development
1. Strengthen education system on specific talented people
2. Increase technology research and information arrangement
3. Build safe research environment
4. Set ocean technology development into action |
