| 摘要: | 科技不斷進步、隨著速度競爭與全球化的趨勢，企業面臨了強大的挑戰，不只強調產能、成本及品質，同時也要考慮到時間及服務。往日市場上是企業對企業的競爭，未來的競爭是屬於產業供應鏈對供應鏈之間的競爭，甚至是企業價值網路與網路之間的競爭，因而如何利用資訊系統整合供應鏈，提昇企業競爭優勢，也成為企業的當務之急。
「半導體產業」或稱為「IC產業」已經不是單純的幾家製造公司的組合，而是由數個事業群體整合的整體表現。其中有上游的設計產業、中游的晶圓製造產業、下游的封裝產業、IC測試產業；橫向有晶圓材料業、光罩業；週邊還有化工業、自動化設備業、IT產業、貿易支援業、等等產業；如果以廣義討論甚至還可以納入一部份的光電產業和微機電產業。可以說是『牽連廣泛』的事業群體。
但是一般人的關注焦點，是以製程技術煩複困難的『IC晶圓廠』居多。而IC晶圓廠又可概分為：Memory廠、Logic廠、IDM廠、Foundry廠、等等種類，不同類別除了產品有差異外，所使用的設備比例以及主要化學品的比重都有差異；最後應用市場消長更是回饋影響經營者的策略與應變邏輯，而產生不同的盈虧結果。
目前對產業分析有數種方法，較基礎且知名者有如；市場區隔、價值鏈分析、食物鏈分析、技術能力構面分析、產業領先條件與產業競爭優勢來源分析、SWOT分析、競爭優勢理論、五力分析、競局（賽局）理論、非零合的競局、企業策略定位分析、鑽石體系分析、群聚理論、層級分析、模糊多評準決策分析、等等。還有一些更多更複雜的分析甚至都有電腦軟體幫忙分析。
國家的產業分析，更是關聯了全球、區域與國家之間的互動。其間的複雜程度往往未能一如分析預測，所以說分析是以走勢的長遠方向，非短期變化而行。企業內部對於佈局除了參考市場走勢分析，往往也會對於各類產業報導抱持高度興趣。
;Science and technology unceasingly progressed, along with the speed competition and the globalization tendency, the enterprise has faced the formidable challenge, not only emphasized produced can, the cost and the quality, simultaneously also had to consider the time and the service. Former days in the market will be the enterprise to enterprise's competition, the future competition is belongs to the industrial supply chain to supply between the chain the competition, even was between the enterprise value network and the network competition, how thus used the information system conformity supply chain, promotion enterprise competitive advantage, also became the enterprise the urgent matter.
"The semiconductor industry" or is called "the IC industry" already is the overall representative of company combination, but was by several enterprises communities conformity whole performance. Upstream has the design industry, the middle reaches crystal circle manufacture industry, the downriver seal industry, the IC test industry; Crosswise has the crystal round material industry, light covering industry; Peripheral also has the chemical industry, the automatic equipment industry, the IT industry, the trade support industry, and so on industry; If even also may bring into line with a partial by the generalized discussion the photo electricity industry and the micro mechanical and electrical industry. May say is "implicates widely" enterprise community.
But average person's attention focal point, is duplicate is bothersome by the system regulation technology difficult "the IC crystal round factory" to be in the majority. But the IC crystal round factory may change generally divides into: Memory factory, Logic factory, IDM factory, Foundry factory and so on type, the different category has the difference besides the product, uses the equipment proportion as well as the main chemical proportion all has the difference; Finally is the back coupling affects operator's strategy and the strain logic using the market increase and decrease, but has the different and loss condition.
At present has several methods to the industrial analysis, compares the foundation also well-known has like; The market area separates, the value chain analysis, the food chain analysis, the technical ability construction surface analysis, the industrial leading condition and the industry competitive advantage source analysis, the SWOT analysis, the competitive advantage theory, five strength analyses, competes the bureau （match bureau） the theory, the non-vanishing gathers competes the bureau, the enterprise strategy localization analysis, the diamond system analysis, cluster theory of the Marshall’s, the level analysis, fuzzily comments the accurate policy-making analysis, and so on. Also has some more complex analyses even all to have the computer software help analysis.
The national industrial analysis, was has been connected between global, the region and the national interaction. The during complex regulation has not often been able a like analysis forecast, therefore said the analysis is by the trend long term direction, non- short-term change but line. The enterprise interior except refers to the market trend analysis regarding the layout, often also can embrace highly the interest regarding each kind of report. |
