需求反應式運輸系統營運模式與績效評估－以復興鄉為例;The Operational Model and Performance Evaluation of Demand Responsive Transportation System – A Case Study of Fu-Shing Township

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Title:	需求反應式運輸系統營運模式與績效評估－以復興鄉為例;The Operational Model and Performance Evaluation of Demand Responsive Transportation System – A Case Study of Fu-Shing Township
Authors:	蔡明修;Tsai,Ming-Hugh
Contributors:	土木工程學系
Keywords:	需求反應式運輸系統;系統模擬;績效評估;Demand Responsive Transportation System;System Simulation;Performance Evaluation
Date:	2014-07-24
Issue Date:	2014-10-15 14:26:40 (UTC+8)
Publisher:	國立中央大學
Abstract:	交通部運研所擬採用在國外已行之有年的需求反應式運輸服務(Demand Responsive Transportation System, DRTS)來解決國內偏遠地區的公共運輸問題。偏遠地區的公共運輸問題，在於其運輸需求低且分散，傳統公車服務無法有效率的集中服務需求，造成業者在營運上的虧損。DRTS有別於以往固定路線、固定班次的公車服務，能依照乘客所要求的起迄點位置，規劃彈性的路線與班次，並使用中/小型車輛提供乘客接駁共乘的運輸服務。由於DRTS尚未在國內實際的經營運作，故本研究欲以系統模擬之理論基礎，模擬DRTS未來在國內應用之情形。透過模擬營運模式的運作，進而取得量化的績效指標並予以分析，作為業者未來在營運規劃時之參考依據。根據DRTS的營運特性，歸納指派車輛時考量項目，分別為車輛載客情形、乘客容忍時間限制及營運成本，模擬營運模式即以此為基礎，建構出七個模擬模組交互運作的流程及七種不同的績效指標。此外，本研究以桃園復興鄉DRTS示範計畫作為研究對象，參考其規劃之路網及站點，蒐集並分析旅次特性的相關資料，產生可供模擬營運模式輸入之需求資料。本研究亦設計出三種可供自行調整之營運情境，分別為候車站點佈設方式(重心、端點、村落)、容忍時間限制(容忍10分、20分)及車隊規模(5輛、10輛、15輛、20輛、25輛、30輛)。由即時預約的模擬營運模式執行結果，比較分析DRTS最適合的營運情境，得知三種候車站點佈設方式無明顯較佳之方案。容忍時間限制以容忍10分為較佳之設定方式。而車隊規模則依績效不同而有不同適合的設定方式，以等候時間為例，車隊規模建議設置在17輛以上，可有效地降低乘客等候時間；以服務時間/車輛閒置時間為例，在假設兩者的時間價值為相等的情況下，車隊規模建議設置在22輛，可使得總成本為最低。 ;The Institute of Transportation, affiliated to the Ministry of Transportation and Communications, plans to adopt the Demand Responsive Transportation System (DRTS) which has been used for years overseas to manage public transit in remote areas. The problem with the public transit in remote areas lies in the low and scattered demand. The conventional bus transportation can’t efficiently meet the demand in a centralized manner, but causes operating loss instead. In contrast with buses which run through fixed routes at fixed intervals, DRTS can flexibly plan routes and frequency according to the passengers’ boarding and alighting points, and use medium/small-sized vehicles for transshipment and carpooling. Because DRTS haven’t been put in operation domestically, this study uses system simulation as its theoretical basis and simulates the application of DRTS domestically in the future. By simulating the mode of operation, we are allowed to obtain quantitative performance indicators and analyze them so as to provide the future service suppliers with some reference data. According to the operating characteristics of DRTS, we come up with the items to taken into account when assign vehicles. They include passengers in vehicle, passenger tolerance time and operating costs. Operation mode simulation just uses these items as the basis in constituting seven processes, where interaction between modules is simulated, and seven different performance indicators. In addition, this study takes the DRTS demonstration project in Fuxing Town of Taoyuan as the research object, bases on its road net and bus-stops, collects and analyzes information related to the characteristics of trips, and generates demand data as the input for operating mode simulation. This study also witnesses that we design three adjustable operating situations, including the layout of waiting stops (centers, terminals, villages), the tolerance time limit (10minutes, 20 minutes) and the number of vehicles (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30). Performance results of the operating mode simulation where real-time appointments are made are compared and analyzed under the most suitable operating situation for DRTS. And we come to the conclusion that none of the three layout solutions is apparently better than the other two. 10 minutes is better when it comes to tolerance time. Number of vehicles, however, depends on different performances. For example, it is recommended that the number of vehicles should be at least 17 so that passenger’s waiting time can be effectively shortened. On the condition that the time value of the service time and the vehicle idle time is equal, the number of vehicles is recommended to be set at 22 in order to minimize the total cost.
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