科學儀器輔助傳統水污染源稽查之效益研究－以淡水河流域為例;Dan-Shui River Water Pollution Investigation Using Scientific Apparatus Assisting Traditional Inspection

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题名:	科學儀器輔助傳統水污染源稽查之效益研究－以淡水河流域為例;Dan-Shui River Water Pollution Investigation Using Scientific Apparatus Assisting Traditional Inspection
作者:	蘇祿翔;Su,Lu-hsiang
贡献者:	環境工程研究所
关键词:	許可制度;傳統稽查;科學儀器;效益分析;Permit Regulation;Traditional Inspection;Scientific Apparatus;Cost-effectiveness Analysis
日期:	2014-07-17
上传时间:	2014-10-15 17:25:50 (UTC+8)
出版者:	國立中央大學
摘要:	現行法規對於水污染源管制，採以被動管制之許可制度為主要政策。然針對屢遭陳情案件應確實掌握污染源排放時機並配合主動稽查，方能立即達水污染改善之成效。惟以往水污染稽查方式，皆僅以人力稽查為主，稽查人員至污染現場由於難以得知污染排放之頻率及水質特性，且水污染事證往往稍縱即逝加上地形、人力、時效性及污染源追蹤等限制致無法於短時間內蒐集相關污染事證，故僅能對廠內是否取得排放許可證或是否依照許可證核定內容進行操作等行政管制面進行稽查，然此稽查模式並未能達到稽查作業所期望達成之水污染改善成效。本研究針對食品製造業、洗衣業、印染整理業及金屬表面處理業等4 類屢遭民眾陳情業別以科學儀器輔助傳統稽查進行效益分析，藉由無人飛行載具過濾污染範圍後，藉由水質連續自動監測設備掌握各業別排放頻率、時段及水質特性，並利用地下管線探測設備搭配變焦式管道檢視評估系統進一步蒐集及確認污染事證。經研究案例分析顯示，於廠外進行監控，皆能使稽查人員掌握主要污染時段，並於第一時間進場查核，各案例進行查核後，皆發現污染事實。經分析科學儀器輔助之優劣狀況及成本效益，發現使用科學儀器輔助傳統稽查對於污染源查核之效益不小，不僅成本較單純人力稽查更為低廉，更能於短時間即充份掌握污染事證，採以突擊式稽查皆能一舉達成污染搜證之目的，以提升水污染管制效益，另配合告發處分及輔導改善，皆可有效減少水污染排放、降低陳情案件發生並有效嚇阻不法業者。;Water Pollution Act mainly utilizes water discharge permit regulation to passively regulate water pollution sources. However, active inspections shall be acted upon those who constantly being petitioned against and control the illegal discharging frequencies to be more efficient in the improvement of water quality. Traditionally, water pollution inspections were carried out by having inspectors raiding the industrial units. The illegal discharging frequencies and water characteristics are hard to monitor by simply having the inspectors on site. In addition, the fleeting nature of water pollution cases and the topography, manpower and the time restrictions result in the difficulty of evident collection in a timing fashion. Thus, the abovementioned permit regulation method would not effectively achieve the water quality improvement. This thesis focuses on the four industries frequently being petitioned, such as food manufacturing, laundry, printing and dyeing and metal surface treatment industries. Scientific monitoring apparatuses were utilized here in lieu of traditional inspection and the efficiency analysis was completed. The pollution range was first detected and analyzed by unman aerial vehicles (UAV) ； followed by 24-hour water quality monitors, which were used to control the illegal discharging frequencies, timings and water characteristics. Underground tubing detection equipment, together with zoom tubing assessment system, was utilized for evident collection. Studies show that by monitoring the discharges outside the factories enhanced the investigation efficiency of the inspectors. Pollution sources were investigated the moment the monitors pick up any abnormal signals; in most cases, the pollution evident were found. The pros and cons and the cost-effectiveness by using the scientific apparatus were analyzed. The study shows that not only the cost was reduced by using the apparatus, but the evident collection time was greatly reduced. Once abnormal signals were picked up, unannounced inspections will follow to facilitate the investigation procedures. In addition, proper punishment for the violators and on-site consultation will also reduce the pollution occurrences
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