根據世界衛生組織(World Health Organization, WHO)等國際機構的估計，在西元2000 年時，世界上約20%的人口，面臨缺水問題，尤其近年來，台灣地區氣候變動異常，降雨量極端不穩定，而文獻亦指出過去一百年全球溫度有上升之趨勢，此種雨量與氣溫之改變，可能導致臺灣地區因氣候異常變動而造成降雨量不足，尤其臺南地區，根據中央氣象局統計資料，過去一百年來溫度上升趨勢為全台最高。 故本研究將以臺南地區為主要研究地區，試著以臺南局屬測站之長期資料先了解臺南地區大致氣候走向，接著以Landsat衛星資料近行臺南地區地物分類，並且使用臺南自動測站資料與地物分類結果進行分析。 結果顯示臺南市為臺南地區都市化程度最高之區域，在夜溫方面受熱島效應影響，建物在白天所吸收的熱量在晚上放出，使得都市內部夜溫增高，同樣在近二十年建物比例增加的善化以及佳里亦是如此。此外在海拔較高區域如玉井及關子嶺，均有日夜溫降低但日溫降低較夜溫明顯之情形；新營則是都市化程度不高，周圍仍有其他田地及植披能調節氣溫，因此在氣溫及溫差上較沒太大的變化。 ;According to statistics of World Health Organization (WHO) and other international institutions, in A.D. 2000, about 20% of population in the world faced water shortages. In recent year abnormal climate change appeared in Taiwan, leading to an extremely volatile precipitation, and literature indicated that global temperature was an upward trend over the past century might causing insufficient rainfall from abnormal climate change in Taiwan. From the calculation data of Central Weather Bureau (CWB), there were the highest trends of Tainan rising temperatures over the past one hundred years. Therefore, Tainan area is the region of interest in this study, and we try to understand the long term climate trends from analyzing Tainan station data. Besides, The observation from Landsat satellite data during 1989 to 2012 were used to analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of UHI effect for the Tainan area. The retrievals of land cover type from Landsat satellite data and the climate trend from Tainan station data were examined the correlation to the intensity of Urban heat island. The results indicates The degree of urbanization is the highest area of Tainan city in Tainan, and the absorbing heat of building during the day releases in the night, resulting in increasing night temperature of the inner city. Similar conditions are to be found in Shanhua and Jiali which were increase in the proportion of building in the past twenty years. Furthermore, in high altitude localities such as Yujing and guanziling we find that temperature decreases in both day and night but the decreasing trends of daytime temperature are significantly lower than the decreasing trends of nighttime temperature bring to the decreasing of temperature variation. The degree of urbanization in Xinying is not higher than other areas and there are surrounded by farmland and vegetation which are able to work the weather adjustments, inducing to less changes of temperature and the differences in temperature.
