電動機車電池交換站選定暨電池數量配置最適化;Optimally locating electric scooter battery swap stations with battery deployment

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题名:	電動機車電池交換站選定暨電池數量配置最適化;Optimally locating electric scooter battery swap stations with battery deployment
作者:	郭宗其;Guo,Zong-Ci
贡献者:	土木工程學系
关键词:	電動機車;電動機車車隊排程;時空網路;網路流動問題;啟發式解法;electric scooter;electric vehicle fleet routing/scheduling;time-space network;network flow problem;heuristic
日期:	2016-07-11
上传时间:	2016-10-13 12:06:22 (UTC+8)
出版者:	國立中央大學
摘要:	現今氣候受溫室效應的影響，致使人們環保意識逐漸抬頭，開始提倡節能減碳、降低噪音及防止空氣污染等綠色政策與思維。「綠色運輸」的概念是以永續發展作為基礎，使用低污染或零污染能源之運輸工具，降低碳排放量。故近年傾向發展替代燃料車種取代現有的車輛。替代燃料車的發展中，目前由電動車取得主流地位。然而，在實務考量上，電動機車在行駛時需考量長途旅運下，因電池電力不足需補充電力之情況。因此，本研究在考量電動機車編制下，以車隊營運者之角度，發展一電動機車之電池交換站配置暨旅運排程模式，以輔助業者有效地進行電動機車之電池交換站配置。本研究模式係利用時空網路流動方式及數學規劃方法，構建電動機車之電池交換站配置暨旅運排程之時空網路，並以定式電動機車於時空中之排程，在滿足所有規劃日需求和實務方面限制為前提下，追求總成本最小化。本模式為含額外限制之整數網路流動問題，為增進求解效率，本研究發展一啟發式解法以有效地求解此問題。為評估模式與啟發式解法之實用性，本研究以台中市觀光旅運為例進行範例測試，並針對不同參數進行敏感度分析，結果顯示本研究提出之模式與啟發式解法在實務上可有效運用，可供決策單位作為電動機車電池交換站選定暨電池數量配置最適化之參考。 ;Affecting by the greenhouse effect, today’s climate has changed. As a result, the awareness of environmental protection is raised. People started to encourage the consciousness of saving energy, reducing carbon dioxide emissions, noise pollution, and air pollution, etc. The concept of “Green Transportation” is based on sustainable developments, by using low pollution of zero pollution energy transportation to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Therefore, it is a trend that vehicles powered by alternative energy are replacing current vehicles. Also in the development of alternative energy vehicles, electric vehicles are mainstream ones.However, to be more practically, we need to consider the situation that electric scooters would have battery power shortage issue under long distance travels.Therefore, under the consideration of electric scooter usage and fleet operators’ development, this study mainly focuses on deploying battery swap station that with travel routing and scheduling modes; also, to assist the electric scooter industry in arranging battery swap stations more effectively. The study developed a Battery swap station deploy cum travel routing/scheduling model of electric scooter fleet by utilizing the time-space network flow technique and mathematical programming method. All day trip planning demands must be satisfied by electric scooter fleet, and the related operating constraints are ensured. The model was aimed to minimize the total cost and expected to be an effective planning tool to assist the carrier in routing/scheduling.Mathematically, the model was formulated as an integer network flow problem with side constraints. The study developed one solution algorithms based on the problem properties to solve the problem efficiently.We performed a case study by using data from an electric scooter rental corporation. Computational results of case study were given for evaluating the performance of the proposed model and solution algorithms. Finally, conclusions and suggestions are made based on the computational results were given.
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