| 摘要: | 隨著電子產品及電動車的蓬勃發展，鋰電池已成為日常生活中不可或缺之能源來源，根據統計，至2016年全球單年的鋰電池需求已超過94GWh，預計至2025年將成長至200GWh的水準，屆時每年鋰電池原料的總需求量將超過300,000噸。然而，鋰電池在經年累月的充放電循環後，其電容量及電性會逐漸消失或衰減，成為低容量或不可使用之汰役電池，若沒有進行妥善處理，則會對環境、生態及資源開發帶來污染及浪費。
針對此議題，本文旨在探討延續鋰電池壽命、降低電池的使用成本及回收汰役電池的最佳處理方針，本研究透過資料包絡分析法(DEA)及實驗法，提出一種新的汰役電池二階段回收再利用的循環經濟模式。第一階段主要利用資料包絡分析中分配模式(Allocation model)探討動力電池轉為儲能用電池的最佳轉換點，以延續電池壽命；第二階段透過實驗法將無法再使用的汰役電池以物理及化學的方式進行回收，獲得再生高純度碳酸鋰原料，以達到減緩鋰資源開採速度、環境保護及降低生產成本。
本研究發現，第一階段汰役鋰電池動力應用轉儲能應用的循環次數比例達1:1時，是能源效率最佳轉換點，並為動力電池提供最有效率的使用方式，同時延續電池壽命及使用成本。第二階段的實驗，可回收獲得高純度碳酸鋰、磷酸亞鐵等再生原料。透過實驗，本研究所提出的回收方式將可從每1Ah的汰役電池萃取出1g的高純度碳酸鋰。根據價格趨勢，預計2020年全球可回收12,272噸的再生碳酸鋰，總產值高達1.03億美元。此舉將進一步提升鋰電池的環保功能，並達到鋰電池循環經濟的效用。;With the rapid development of electronic products and electric vehicles, Li-ion batteries have become an energy resource in daily life. According to statistics, by 2016, the global demand for Li-ion batteries has surpassed 94GWh per year and will grow to 200GWh in 2025. And the annual demand for lithium battery raw materials will be more than 300,000 tons. However, the battery after years of charge and discharge cycles, its capacity and electrical properties will gradually disappear or reducing. If not properly handled as a low-capacity and inactivity battery, it will bring environment pollution, ecology pollution and resources exhausted.
In this study , we propose a new method of the two- phase circular economy model through the data envelopment analysis (DEA) and the experimental method which include reusing and recycling stage. The first stage we mainly use data envelopment analysis allocation model to calculate the best shift point of Li-ion battery from automotive stage to storage stage and extend the battery life. The second stage through the experimental method let retired-battery recycle by the physical and chemical method, to obtain high purity lithium carbonate raw materials. To reduce the consumption of lithium source, environmental protection and reduce production costs.
The study found that the first stage of retired lithium battery shift from automotive applications to storage applications by 1: 1 cycle ratio is the best energy shift point, and provided the most efficient using method of the battery. The second stage could access high purity lithium carbonate, ferrous phosphate, and other renewable raw materials. We extract 1gram high purity Li2Co3 from per 1Ah retired battery. According to the price trend, it’s predicted to recycling 12,272 tons of lithium carbonate in 2020, and the output value will reach 103M USD per year around the world. This will be enhanced the environmental protection of Li-ion batteries, and achieve the effectiveness of circular economy (CE). |
