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    題名: 台灣場址放大倍率經驗計算
    作者: 鍾奇軒;Chung, Chi-Hsuan
    貢獻者: 地球科學學系
    關鍵詞: 場址效應;台灣;強震;經驗回歸
    日期: 2017-07-24
    上傳時間: 2017-10-27 13:16:02 (UTC+8)
    出版者: 國立中央大學
    摘要: 近年來,台灣許多重大的公共建設都集中在主要都市,造成都市化與人口集中的效應。台灣位於板塊邊界,屬地震活動相當活躍的地區,1999年的集集地震(Mw 7.6)造成2000多人死亡,2016年的美濃地震(Mw 6.5)造成台南市117人死亡與數百棟房屋嚴重損毀,凸顯了大型都市的脆弱性。而地震災害的輕重往往與局部場址效應息息相關,因此研究不同場址條件下的地震波放大特性,在改善地震危害度分析與耐震設計規範中是相當重要的一環。
      本研究使用台灣自由場強震測站(TSMIP)歷年來所觀測到的強地動記錄,資料需經過挑選與處理,台灣強震測站的近地表30公尺內平均剪力波速(Vs30)經過數年調查與研究後也已相當清楚(Kuo et al. 2012; 郭俊翔等人,2017)。在目前強地動記錄與測站場址條件都已具備的情況下,我們即可使用這些資料來分析不同週期震波的放大效應,此分析結果未來將可提供台灣的耐震設計規範修訂之參考,以降低地震所帶來的災害與損失。
      本研究使用台灣「資深地震危害分析委員會議-第三級程序」(SSHAC Level 3)計畫中所使用的強地動資料庫進行分析,我們分別挑選規模六以上的地殼地震(crustal earthquake)和隱沒帶地震(subduction earthquake),利用經過標準化處理的強地動紀錄,對動地加速度峰值、地動速度峰值、地動位移峰值、短中長週期之反應譜進行放大倍率的分析。根據台灣強震測站場址條件研究的結果,本研究採用SSHAC Level 3計畫中的建議,以Vs30 = 760 m/s作為台灣之一般岩盤場址,實際進行分析時則是選取Vs30介於600 ~ 900 m/s範圍內的測站作為參考岩盤站。各獨立地震事件中,在測站有收到資料的前提下,我們使用每個參考站和其周圍固定距離內(視區域採用不同範圍)其他測站的記錄,計算PGA、PGV、PGD和長短週期反應譜的放大率,然後,放大倍率與Vs30的關係式即可經回歸分析而得。對上覆鬆軟土層的測站來說,在地動值太大的情況下,會產生所謂的土壤非線性效應,使地動值減小,對於有實際資料之範圍內,本研究也探討不同震度下的震波放大率。
      由於現今規範中,放大倍率與Vs30的關係為一階梯狀的形式,在邊界值會有Vs30相差不大但放大倍率卻相差很大的情況。本研究透過提供一平滑曲線用以表示放大倍率與Vs30的關係,希望能夠改善此情況。
    ;Lots of infrastructures are under construction in metropolises in Taiwan in recent years and thus lead to increasement of population density and urbanization in those area. Taiwan island is located in plate boundaries where the high seismicity is caused by active tectonic plates. The Chi-Chi earthquake (Mw 7.6) in 1999 caused a fatality of more than 2000, and the Meinong earthquake (Mw 6.5) in 2016 caused a fatality of 117 in Tainan city as well as damages on hundreds of buildings. The cases imply seismic vulnerability of urban area. The severity of the earthquake hazard is often associated with the site effect, so the study of different site conditions of seismic wave amplification characteristics, in improving the seismic hazard analysis and seismic design is a very important issue.
      This study used the strong motion records observed by the TSMIP network. The site conditions based on Vs30 used in this study were investigated at most stations (Kuo et al. 2012; Kuo et al. 2017). Since strong motion records and site conditions are both available, we are able to use the data to analyze site amplifications of seismic waves at different periods. The result may be a reference for future modification of seismic design codes to decrease potential seismic hazards and losses.
      We adopted the strong motion and site database of the SSHAC Level 3 project in Taiwan. The significant crustal and subduction events of magnitude larger than six are selected for analysis. The amplification factors of PGA, PGV, PGD, and spectra acceleration at 0.3, 1.0, and 3.0 seconds were evaluated. According to the recommendation of SSHAC Level 3 project, the site condition of Vs30 = 760 m/s is considered as the reference rock site. The stations with Vs30 between 600 m/s and 900 m/s were used as the reference rock sites in this study. For each event, we find a reference rock site and a target site within a certain distance (regional dependent) to calculate site amplifications of ground motions. Relationships of site amplification factors and Vs30 are therefore derived by regression analysis. Soil nonlinearity (decrease of amplifications) has to be considered at soft soil sites during a strong shaking. We also discuss amplification factors in terms of different intensities if data is available.
      In the current code, the relationship between amplification factor and Vs30 is a ladder-like form. Similar Vs30 values near the site classification boundaries may have quite different amplification factors. This study intends to improve this problem by providing a smooth curve to represent the relationship between amplification factor and Vs30.
    顯示於類別:[地球物理研究所] 博碩士論文

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