物聯網時代隱私權問題探討 以平衡科技發展與個人資料保護為中心;Information Privacy in the IoT Era Challenges and Preliminary Policy Suggestions

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题名:	物聯網時代隱私權問題探討以平衡科技發展與個人資料保護為中心;Information Privacy in the IoT Era Challenges and Preliminary Policy Suggestions
作者:	黃亦莙;Huang, Yi-Chun
贡献者:	產業經濟研究所
关键词:	物聯網;智慧聯網;大數據;巨量資料;隱私;個人資料;特徵分析;匿名化
日期:	2017-08-25
上传时间:	2017-10-27 13:59:51 (UTC+8)
出版者:	國立中央大學
摘要:	隱私權為人的基本權利，在科技進步快速的發展下，隱私權的保護範疇與時俱進地受到關注，現今網際網路已相當普遍，電腦、智慧型手機皆是人們習以為常的上網工具，人際交流也比從前更加頻繁並在網路上留下活動的蹤跡，促成網路上充斥著大量個人資料，近年物聯網裝置已悄悄踏入人們的生活，大數據分析技術使物聯網裝置發揮更好的效用，除了一般個人資料外，個人敏感性資料也可輕易地在人無察覺下提供，物聯網時代的來臨讓科技產品帶來便利性，同時也暴露了個人的私密事物，隱私權與科技發展之間存在難以平衡的緊張關係。在大數據環境發展下的物聯網時代將有特徵分析普遍化、資料保護安全疑慮、個人資料自主控制力低、大量敏感性個人資料流竄等資訊隱私權問題，本文試圖以物聯網之特性，探討傳統隱私權保護原則在物聯網時代適用的困境，衡量科技發展與隱私權保護，提出「從設計階段保護隱私」與「個人資料自主控制之落實」之初步方針性建議，從科技產品或服務的設計階段做好「隱私衝擊評估」並將「資料最小化原則」、「目的限制原則」、「資料安全維護原則」納入其中，鼓勵企業時時更新實行強健的匿名化技術處理個人資料，以調和在物聯網時代下「資料最小化原則」、「目的限制原則」在適用上的困難，並藉由「個人資料自主控制之落實」建立個人資料蒐集、處理與利用過程的透明度，以簡化「告知」與「選擇」之方式使個人得以控制個人資料的流向，且賦予個人「特徵分析」適用之拒絕權，避免企業的匿名化技術不足對個人隱私造成難以承擔的衝擊。 ;In these times of rapid development of scientific and technological progress, the concern of protection of information privacy is very important today. With devices such as computers and smart phones with which people use to browse the internet becoming much more common and assessable, interpersonal communication has also become more frequent than ever before. In recent years, “Internet of Things”(IoT) have quietly impacted people’s lives. It leaves traces of activities resulting in large amount of personal information on the internet. Big data analysis technology allows for development of increasingly convenient devices. With the advent of the IoT, sensitive personal information can be readily accessed often without notice. It brings the convenience of technology products, but also exposes privacy. This results in a strong tension between privacy and technology development. In the era of the IoT and the development of big data, there are information privacy issues such as data protection security concerns, low personal data autonomy, large numbers of sensitive personal information flow. This article attempts to discuss the principle of privacy protection in regard to the dilemma of the development of science and technology and privacy protection. To put forward "privacy by design" and "control of personal data" preliminary suggestions to encourage the implementation of a stronger anonymization techniques by enterprises to process personal information. From the design phase of technology products or services, enterprises should incorporate “privacy impact assessment” and the implementation of principles of traditional privacy protection such as "data minimization principle", "purpose limitation principle", and " security safeguards principle". Through the implementation of a robust personal data autonomy control, enterprises may alleviate the limitations of the principles of "data minimization" and "purpose limitation" and establish the transparency of the collection, processing and utilization of personal data. To inform and enable individuals to choose to participate in System flows of personal data, and empower individuals "feature analysis" applicable right of refusal, to avoid the impact on personal privacy due to the insufficiency of anonymization techniques provided by enterprises.
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