隨著網際網路發展，藉網路得知生活上所需資訊已成為生活中的需求;其中，結合行動通訊技術與其他技術提供更多元網路服務是行動通訊技術所探討的議題。目前 LTE-A 通訊系統中，基站 (eNB) 僅對已完成 Radio Resource Control (RRC) 連線之使用者 裝置 (UE) 進行分配上下行資源。當閒置狀態 UE 欲藉 eNB 上網時，須執行 Random Access Procedure(RAP) 建立 RRC 連線。此研究的動機來自觀察眾多裝置進行 RAP時，一旦發生碰撞所造 成的成本將非常顯著。換言之，當 UEs 於指定系統通道資源上傳送特殊前導訊號 (preamble) 供 eNB 辨識 UE 登入請求後分配上行資源給 UE 傳送 RRC 連線請求控制訊息，若多個 UEs 傳送相同 preamble 則發生碰撞。由於 eNB 無法分辨是否有碰撞發生，這些 UEs 將同時於所配置之上行資源 傳送個別 RRC 連線請求控制訊息，導致 eNB 無法解讀並透過 HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request) 機制要求重送，後續重傳依然失敗直到 HARQ 重傳次數上限;之後，所有碰撞之裝置重新 執行 RAP 。不難理解，碰撞機率與 UE 數量呈正比;碰撞除了導致上線延遲外，亦造成無謂傳輸與 耗電。5G 通訊系統已納入 massive MTC 應用場景，如何降低大量設備進行 RAP 發生碰撞機率將是 重要且具專利價值之技術。本研究以目前行動通訊網路規範進行探討(包含 LTE 與 NB-IoT)，嘗試導入 Wifi 中 Random Backoff 演算法於 RAP 機制中，預期透過此設計降低 UE 間相互干擾。特別強調的是，此設計除了 欲降低整體碰撞機率目標外，同時考慮所提演算法與規範完全相容，確保此研究的產出具實用與專利價值。 ;With the popularity of smart mobile devices, surfing the Internet anytime, anywhere has become a kind of necessity for modern life. How to combine the mobile communication technologies with other technologies to support more services in mobile networks is one of major issues.In current LTE-A network, the base station (eNB) only schedules the channel resource for the devices (UE) which has established the rardio resource control (RRC) connections. For the UE staying in IDLE mode, it has to perform the random access procedure (RAP) in order to establish RRC connection with the eNB. The motivation of this project is from observing the behavior and performance of RAP in machine type communications. When the number of UEs performing RAP excesses a certain threshold, collions will occur and result in remarkable resource wastage and delay. In other words, a UE randomly selects one preamble and transmit it on the specified channel. The preamble is a specified sequence of a certain length and the system provides a number of orthogornal preambles for RAP. The eNB searches the preamble(s) and allocate uplink resource to UE(s) if the preamble is detected. The UE then transmits RRC connection setup request message to the eNB on the uplink resource. If more than one UE sends the same preamble to eNB, their messages will collide with each other and the eNB can not decode any one of them. Then, the eNB utilizes the Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) feedback to notify UE(s) to retransmit message again. The collisions can not resolved and retransmissions will be lasted to the maximal HARQ retries. After then, all involved UEs restart RAP again. Obviously, the collision probability is linerly proportional to the number of UEs and more collisions will prolong the access delay and power and bandwidth wastage. Due to 5G network has included the massive MTC (mMTC) usage case, how to efficiently reduce the collision probability in mMTC scenario could be an important and patenable technology.This project aims to deal with the contemporary mobile network system and try to integrate the RAP with the radndom backoff solution adopted in WiFi networks in order to minimize the interference among UEs. We also emphasize that the proposed scheme will not only reduce collision probability in RAP but also consider the full compatability with current specifications. The major advantages of compatability are twofolds: 1) getting rid of standardization process and 2) the interesting of industry.
