認知老化與抑制功能：腦功能活動及神經傳導物研究;Cognitive Aging and Inhibitory Functions: an Investigation on Functional Neural Activities and Neurotransmitters

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題名:	認知老化與抑制功能：腦功能活動及神經傳導物研究;Cognitive Aging and Inhibitory Functions: an Investigation on Functional Neural Activities and Neurotransmitters
作者:	張智宏;蔡尚岳;李佳穎
貢獻者:	國立中央大學認知與神經科學研究所
日期:	2018-12-19
上傳時間:	2018-12-20 13:48:22 (UTC+8)
出版者:	科技部
摘要:	本研究將探討老化如何影響抑制功能的行為特徵與神經機制；在四年計晝期間預計探討老化如何影響：（1)控制式（controlled)與自動式（automatic)抑制功能；（2)兩種抑制功能開始作用後如何隨時間變化；以及（3)反應表徵（response-based)與目標物表徵（object-based)的内隱抑制比較。實驗一將藉由叫色（Stroop)作業探討控制式與自動式抑制功能的解離（dissociation)現象，並透過老年、中年及年輕三組不同年齡層的受試者，探討此解離現象如何隨年齡改變。實驗二延伸探討老化如何影響控制式與自動式抑制功能的神經網路解離程度，以及y-氨基丁酸（GABA)對於抑制功能的調節能力如何隨年齡改變。實驗三根據「抑制回升效果」（inhibition rebound effect)的特性操弄嘗試間時距 (inter-trial interval)以探討老化如何影響抑制回升機制的時序演變。實驗四將進一步透過事件相關電位探討此時序演變的神經活動變化，同時檢驗GABA對此神經動態的調節。實驗五探討不同年齡族群在抑制功能處理之「反應表徵」（response-based)與「目標物表徵」（object-based)的差異；實驗六將著重於探討老化過程對前述兩類表徵的神經機制網路的影響，並且檢驗GABA在此機制所扮演的角色。藉由整合行為實驗、功能性腦造影以及磁共振能譜造影等研究方法，本系列研究預期能澄清老化對不同抑制功能面向產生差異性影響的特性與神經機制。 ;Inhibitory functions are crucial for keeping our behaviors under control, and it is prone to the influence of aging. In the current project, we are going to investigate how the following aspects of inhibitory functions are modulated by aging: 1) controlled vs. automatic inhibition; 2) the temporal evolution of controlled vs. automatic inhibition; 3) response- vs. object-based automatic inhibition. A set of six experiments are proposed to investigate effects of aging on the functional and neuronal mechanisms of the inhibitory processes with behavioral (Experiment 1, 3, and 5) and activation/neurotransmission (FMRI/MRS: Experiment 2 and 6; ERP/MRS: Experiment 4) measurements in a project spanning across four years. In Experiment 1, we aim to demonstrate the dissociation between explicit and implicit inhibitory processing across the young, middle-age, and elderly groups by a Stroop NP paradigm, which would consist of NP and non-NP Stroop conditions. Results of Experiment 1 will help to optimize the experimental settings for the subsequent Experiment 2 using FMRI and MRS to identify the neural networks and the associated GABA concentration related to the explicit and the implicit inhibitory processes for each age group. We will then move on to further examine aging-related changes in the inhibitory control processes by testing the inhibitory rebound effects. In Experiment 3, we will manipulate the inter-trial interval (ITI) in Stroop NP paradigm to modulate the processing of the inhibitory rebound on the distractor. The temporal dissociation of the inhibitory rebound effects among age groups will be further investigated with the ERP method in Experiment 4, targeting the N2 component associated with the inhibitory processing. The relationship between GABA modulation and N2 characteristics (latency/amplitude) will also be examined. After studying the dissociation between controlled and automatic inhibition as well as their respective time course in the three age groups, we will then go on to examine changes of object- and response-based representations across age. Specifically, Experiment 5 will instruct the participant to employ two different internal representations, namely the object-and response-based strategies, in a NP task to study how each strategy changes with aging, and then in Experiment 6 we will apply FMRI and MRS to study how the functional characteristics of inhibitory neural networks and GABA concentration are differentially related across the three age groups. To summarize, the current project will advance our understanding of the impact of aging on the behavioral and neural characteristics of inhibitory processes, and shed light on various topics that have not been thoroughly investigated in the literature on inhibition.
關聯:	財團法人國家實驗研究院科技政策研究與資訊中心
顯示於類別:	[認知與神經科學研究所 ] 研究計畫

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