| 摘要: | 冷媒壓縮機是冷凍空調循環的關鍵元件，在生活品質的提升，用戶端對噪音日漸重視。然而壓縮機所產生的噪音主要有結構傳遞音、馬達電磁音、排氣的壓力脈衝。而消音器是簡單且有效抑制壓縮機所產生的噪音。
本論文以實驗方式，對設置在壓縮機高壓殼內的排氣消音器的效應進行分析，利用壓力感測器量測殼內聲壓，以分析消音器對殼內聲音的影響，由實驗結果可以發現，在有裝置消音器對殼內聲場在150 Hz~250 Hz、800 Hz~1,100 Hz、3,000 Hz~4,800 Hz有很好的抑制效果，但因消音器內部特徵尺度的關係在某些頻率例如300 Hz~350 Hz、1,700 Hz~2,300Hz反而噪音有放大的效果，消音器減音量為聲場特性，可有效抑制特定頻段的流場引發噪音。實驗結果也呈現在馬達上部空間所量測的聲壓與泵浦段所量測到的聲壓有著明顯的差異，尤其是在於400 Hz~900 Hz之間有著顯著的減音效果，這也是殼內空間被馬達所區隔出來的兩個腔室與通道間的聲場特性所造成的影響。此外，分別在有/無消音器的殼外噪音量測結果顯示，消音器對於700 Hz ~1,400 Hz有明顯的抑制，不過此減音量與消音器對殼內噪音的噪音抑制頻段不一致，顯示殼內壓力脈衝所引發的殼內噪音並不是唯一的噪音來源，另有馬達電磁以及泵浦的機械運動所引發的結構傳遞音也是主要來源之一。;The refrigerant compressor is a key component of air-conditioning system. Nowadays, end user keeps pushing the quality of products, especially noise level and sound quality. The noise generated inside of compressor includes acoustic noise, electromagnetic noise, and sound from pressure pulses of exhaust gas. Using muffler is a simple way to decrease the noise. In this research, the effects of muffler have been analyzed in terms of the transmission lost according to experimental data. The study also includes the relationship between noise and vibration.
The experimental results show that the muffler is effective in decreasing the internal noise in the compressor from 150 Hz to 250 Hz, from 800 Hz to 1,100 Hz, and from 3,000 Hz to 4,800 Hz. Due to its geometry characteristics, the muffler amplifies the internal noise in the range of 300 Hz to 350 Hz and 1,700 Hz to 2,300 Hz. This research also study the measurement data of the noise outside the compressor. The use of the muffler can reduce the noise in the ranges from 700 Hz to 1,400 Hz of the sound measured outside the compressor. The range is not coincident to the data from the internal noise of the compressor. This reveals that the influences of the noise outside the compressor may also involve other effects, besides internal noise, such as the fluid-induced noise, and a structural transmission sound caused by the motor and the pump rotating. |
