近年受極端氣候影響，桃園地區缺水風險頻率升高，且生活及工業 用水需求量逐年成長，在水資源供不應求之情況下，常將灌溉用水移用 至生活及工業用水，導致有搶水現象，亦成為水資源分配不均之重要課 題。然桃園地區因具台地地形，早期興建眾多埤塘，若能加以利用區域 埤塘之水資源，並搭配水庫供給，應可提升水利會於農業用水之調配能 力。 因此，本研究之目的在探討不同區域用水需求及埤塘調蓄水量之 條件下，以通用化水資源模擬模式進行桃園大圳 10 支線灌區之埤塘水 量變化，透過不同水資源調配情境之演算模擬分析，獲得桃園大圳 10 支線灌區埤塘水資源於不同情境下之調配使用效率，藉此可回饋於現 行水利會操作機制，如應用工程措施進行埤塘管路串聯，以重力流輸送 水源，將桃園大圳上之 10-15 號池、10-16 號池與 10-19 號池等埤塘串 起(即為桃園大圳 10 支線系統之串聯工程)，以及利用非工程措施加強 灌溉管理方式，以強化埤塘水量利用率。 經本研究成果顯示，利用通用化水資源模擬模式分析結果，埤塘串 聯工程確實可提升桃園大圳 10 支線調配水資源之功效，降低區域農業 用水之每年缺水率達1.5%~3%不等，尤其於民國 93、95、100、104 及105 年等枯水年更較為顯著，故本研究成果可做為水利會於桃園大圳 10支線系統埤塘水資源之調配操作機制，當圳路提供過多灌溉用水時，可蓄存於埤塘內，當圳路灌溉用水少時，可將埤塘內水源引入使用，透過水資源調配，可減少水庫單一提供灌溉用水來源，以及圳路與埤塘做為水資源調配系統工具，達到蓄養與調節水源之功能。;The risk of water shortage in Taoyuan, Taiwan has escalated due both to extreme climate changes and to increasing household and industrial demands. As a consequence of insufficient water supply, irrigation water is frequently diverted for household and industrial use, resulting in constant fights over water rights. The imbalanced distribution of water resources has thus become a serious concern. Given that Taoyuan is on a plateau dotted with innumerable ponds, well-coordinated use of these ponds with the support of nearby reservoirs should allow the Taoyuan Irrigation Association to substantially improve its agricultural water management. This study employed the General Water Supply Model (GWSM) and investigated changes in pond water levels along the number 10 tributary of the Taoyuan Canal. Different regional water demands and pond storage capacities were applied to simulate and calculate the efficiency in distributing water resources under different scenarios. The findings are expected to provide Taoyuan Irrigation Association with reference for its operations. These may include the linkage of 10-15, 10-16, and 10-19 ponds with gravity-flow pipelines (i.e., the serial operation engineering of ponds for number 10 tributary of the Taoyuan Canal), and the improvement of irrigation management by optimizing pond water use through nonengineering methods. The GWSM results indicated that linking the ponds effectively eased water resource management along the number 10 tributary and lowered the annual agricultural water deficient ratio by 1.5%–3%. The effect was particularly notable in years with little rainfall, such as in 2004, 2006, 2011, 2015, and 2016. Taoyuan Irrigation Association is advised to apply these results in its water resource management along the number 10 tributary of the Taoyuan Canal. Excessive water from the canal system can be stored in the ponds and reintroduced into the canal system when canal water level is low. Using the canal and the ponds as a management system can both reduce the risk of relying on reservoirs as the lone water source and facilitate effective conservation and regulation of Taoyuan’s water resources.
