論公司重整之緊急處分－以聯合國破產法立法指南與美國聯邦破產法之角度出發

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题名:	論公司重整之緊急處分－以聯合國破產法立法指南與美國聯邦破產法之角度出發
作者:	卓冠儒;Cho, Kuan-Ju
贡献者:	產業經濟研究所
关键词:	公司重整;債務清理;緊急處分;抵銷權;中止;自動停止
日期:	2020-07-07
上传时间:	2020-09-02 16:56:15 (UTC+8)
出版者:	國立中央大學
摘要:	我國公司重整制度規定於公司法第282條以下，其中緊急處分（保全處分）之內容，依公司法第287條之規定，主要係為限制債務人公司財產處分及其債務的履行，以及股票轉讓之禁止、相關強制執行程序停止等，避免聲請公司重整時尚有更生可能之企業，至法院下重整准駁裁定時，因為債權人或利害關係人等行使債權，造成債務人公司失去重整價值；同時，在法院為重整裁定前，杜絕公司之負責人隱匿證據、移轉財產等行為，以緊急處分加以限制之。但經本文整理我國近年法院裁定，發現現行緊急處分制度之聲請、期限延長及其實務運作充滿不確定性，使公司重整聲請與緊急處分之開啟間產生「空窗期」，可能背離緊急處分制度之立法目的，甚至不少企業因波折的緊急處分聲請過程而威脅其營運與財務，如同近年熱門的中華映管公司重整案，無法順利透過公司重整制度獲得重生。因此，本文參酌聯合國貿易法委員會破產法立法指南「中止制度」之建議，以及現今重整制度最完整之美國聯邦破產法有關「自動停止」之設計，自債務人公司之立場、債權人之利益、緊急處分之性質與我國公司重整之制度面等角度，進一步提出採用美國「自動停止」立法模式的理由，以解決我國現行緊急處分運作下所引發之爭議。;The company reorganization system in Taiwan is stipulated under article 282 of the Company Act. According to article 287 of the Company Act, the disposals of reorganization is mainly to restrict the company property and performance of debts, as well as restrain transfer of shares and relevant enforcement procedures, etc. There are two purposes of the disposals. First, during the period between the debtor company submits a reorganization application and the court allows the disposal, the creditors will individually exercise their claims against the company. As a result, the value of the company′s total property will decrease, not until the court makes decisions, the company may lose the value of the reorganization due to the passage of time and circumstances. Second, before the court approves the reorganization, the person in charge of the company may conceal evidence and transfer property. These are the reasons why we need the disposals to prevent such situations. However, after reviewing the cases in Taiwan in recent years, we found that the claims, the extensions and the practice of current disposals of the company reorganization are full of uncertainty. Under such disposal system, many companies could not reborn successfully, like the reorganization case of Chunghwa Picture Tubes in 2018. Therefore, this thesis refers to the "Stay" of UNCITRAL Legislative Guide on Insolvency Law, and the "Automatic Stay" in the United States Bankruptcy Code, and also provides reasons for adopting the “Automatic Stay” from the perspective of the position of the debtor company, the interests of creditors, the nature of the disposal, and the legislative aspects of the company reorganization to resolve disputes arising from the current operation in Taiwan.
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