美國國家學院(United States National Academies)於2018年發表關於地球觀測的十年戰略報告中提到，對大氣邊界層(PBL)和低層對流層之掌握，具有科學的急迫性。本計畫為根據國際發展趨勢，提出一個PBL整合觀測實驗架構，透過整合垂直高解析度的光達、剖風儀、無人機及微型探空觀測技術，以弱綜觀天氣條件下的高空污事件為研究情境，針對臺灣北、中、南三地，分別部署由近海至山區東西向之密集觀測，以探討空氣污染物如何在PBL熱動力過程、海陸風環流等多重影響下，污染物之垂直演化及水平傳輸情形，並離清PBL污染物與近地面PM2.5濃度的關聯性，此觀測資料亦提供為資料同化系統的輸入，及後續模式模擬技術改良的基礎，總結提出一套可以結合空品模式預報的PBL觀測策略。本計畫提出三年期的計畫，希望藉由PBL觀測資料的建立，完成以下三個科學研究方向: (1) 特徵化弱綜觀天氣條件下，PBL的結構及熱動力過程。(2) 釐清弱綜觀條件下，臺灣局部環流及渦流與大氣污染物傳輸關聯性。(3) 解析PBL-氣膠-輻射之間的交互作用機制。除此之外，藉由本計畫的執行，預計也將協助發展以下重要技術，包含PBL層頂高度之測定技術、光達反演垂直剖面PM2.5濃度、PBL熱動力資料分析技術。 ;The United States National Academies published a ten-year strategic report on Earth observation in 2018 that mentions the scientific urgency of mastering the planetary boundary layer (PBL) and the lower troposphere. This project is based on the international development trend, and proposes a PBL integrated observation experimental framework. By integrating vertical high-resolution lidars, wind anemometers, drones, and miniature sounding observation technologies, it will provide a comprehensive overview of high-altitude pollution events under weak synoptic weather conditions. In order to study the situation, intensive observations from the offshore to the mountainous areas in the north, middle, and south of Taiwan will be deployed to investigate how air pollutants are vertically affected by the multiple effects of PBL thermodynamic processes and sea-land wind circulation. The evolution and horizontal transmission of air pollutants, as well as their correlation to near-surface PM2.5 concentrations will be studied. This observation data will also provide the input for the data assimilation system and the basis for subsequent model simulation technology improvements. The ultimate outcome is a comprehensive PBL observation strategy which can support a better air quality prediction by models. We propose this idea as a three-year plan. We hope through the project funded, the following three scientific research objectives can be done: (1) Characterize the structure and thermodynamic process of PBL under weak synoptic weather conditions. (2) Clarify the correlation between local circulation/eddy and air pollutants under weak synoptic weather conditions. (3) Analyze the interaction mechanism between PBL-aerosol-radiation. In addition, with the implementation of this project, it is expected that it will also assist in the development of the following important technologies, including PBL layer top height detection technology, lidar vertical PM2.5 concentration retrieval, and PBL thermodynamic data analysis technology.
