| 摘要: | 阻塞性水腦症疾病所造成顱內壓力上升與大腦結構的變化過程仍未完全了解，加上持續有許多生醫工程團隊透過模擬的方法嘗試了解大腦內液體的循環以及腦實質與腦脊髓液的交互變化，為了幫助人們更了解此疾病的發展過程，本研究將透過大鼠動物實驗建立阻塞性水腦症疾病模式，獲得疾病發生前大腦的生理數據以及疾病發生後大腦的生理變化，提供給大腦研究者們更多的資訊。腦脊髓液的流動幫助維持中樞神經系統正常的生理活動，對生物體來說至關重要，但人們對腦脊髓液的認識和研究與血液相比不足許多，尤其在可視化的技術方面更是寥寥無幾。
本篇論文將分為兩部分，第一部分動物實驗，將收集疾病發生前大鼠腦部環境的生理數據(顱內壓、頸動脈壓、頸靜脈壓)，以及透過小腦延髓池注射dioctahedral smectite懸浮液誘發大鼠水腦症疾病，並且藉由自製的量測導管達到再同一隻老鼠身上持續監測顱內壓，分別在第0天(誘發前)與誘發疾病後的第1天、第3天、第5天、第7天進行顱內壓監測，搭配上7T核磁共振造影技術量化出一週內腦部結構的變化，假手術老鼠也在相同的天數進行量測與造影。第二部分影像計算，將透過核磁共振擴散加權造影換算出鼠腦水分的滲透性，結合組織建模後提供三維可視化的大腦水分滲透值圖譜，並藉由健康老鼠與水腦症老鼠來展現此技術。
結果顯示水腦症老鼠腦室中腦脊髓液聚集造成腦室明顯擴張，到第7天仍持續成長，而顱內壓在誘發疾病後的前3天上升最劇烈，第5天開始則維持在穩定的高顱內壓，假手術老鼠腦室大小與顱內壓均維持在正常範圍，影像計算部分本人利用擴散加權影像所換算出鼠腦的水分滲透值與過去文獻中腦脊髓液與間質液的滲透性相近，並且透過水分滲透值圖譜觀察到水腦症老鼠有腦室周圍白質水腫的現象，與組織切片染色的結果一致。;The process of intracranial pressure rising and the brain structure deformation caused by obstructive hydrocephalus are not fully understood. In addition, many biomedical engineering teams continue to use simulation methods to calculate the circulation of fluid in the brain, trying to understand the interaction between brain parenchyma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In order to help people understanding more about the development of this disease and providing more information for brain researchers, this research will establish obstructive hydrocephalus disease through an animal experiment model, and measure the physiological data of the brain before and after the disease occurs. The flow of cerebrospinal fluid is vital to the organism, which helps maintaining the function of central nervous system. However, comparing to hematology, people’s knowledge of cerebrospinal fluid is far from enough, especially in visualize technology.
This essay can be roughly divided into two parts. The first part is the animal experiments. Physiological data of the environment of brain was collected from healthy rat, including intracranial pressure (ICP), carotid artery pressure (CAP) and jugular vein pressure (JVP). Obstructive hydrocephalus was induced by injected dioctahedral smectite suspension into cisterna magna of the rat. ICP was then measured in the same rat at Day0 (before injection), and Day1, Day3, Day5, Day7 after induced hydrocephalus by using self-made measuring cannula. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was obtained using 7T scanner to quantify the changes of the rat brain structure within a week. Sham-operated rat was also measured and imaged on the same days. The second part is the image calculation of the water permeability of the rat brain from MR diffusion image. After combining with biological reconstruction, a 3D visualized brain water permeability map can be displayed. In this research, I demonstrated this technique with healthy rat and hydrocephalus rat.
The results showed that accumulation of CSF in hydrocephalus rat caused significant expansion of the ventricle, which grew continuously at Day7. On the other hand, ICP rose most sharply at the beginning 3 days, and it remained a stable high ICP from Day5. The size of the ventricle and ICP of all sham-operated animal was maintained in a normal rage. In the part of the image calculation, the water permeability of the rat brain which calculated from this study corresponded to the CSF and interstitial fluid permeability of previous research. Periventricular white mater edema was also observed through water permeability map of the hydrocephalus rat, which was consistent with the result of histological analysis from the brain section of the hydrocephalus rat. |
