熱擾動對微觀物體的影響至關重要。最近，一些研究表明熱擾動轉化為機械功，稱為微觀熱動機。對熱機的研究主要集中在熱力學能量上，如熱、功和效率，以及熱力學流（熱流量或功率）與熵生產（或效率）之間的關係，稱為熱力學不確定性關係。在這篇論文中，我報告了布朗粒子的自主熱機的演示，該熱機被回饋控制的光學鑷子限制在傾斜的二維諧位能中，並浸在兩個不同溫度的熱浴中，溫度為橫和縱方向。我表明，線性熱機可以通過對粒子上充分調整的不對稱非保守耦合力實現卡諾效率。我還發現，流量的擾動，被其平方正規化後，與熵生產或效率的反向緊密相連，這與熱力學不確定性關係理論非常一致。;The effect of thermal fluctuations is critical on microscopic objects. Recently, several researches have demonstrated the mechanical transducers to convert thermal fluctuations to mechanical work, called the microscopic heat engines. The studies on the engine mainly focus on the thermodynamic energetics, such as heat, work, and efficiency, as well as the relation between the current fluctuations (the heat or work rate) and entropy production (or efficiency), known as the thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR). In this thesis, I report the demonstration of the autonomous heat engine of a Brownian particle confined in a tilted two-dimensional harmonic potential and immersed in two heat baths of different temperatures in x- and y-direction by feedback-controlled optical tweezers. I show that the linear engine can achieve the Carnot efficiency by the asymmetric non-conservative coupling force acting on the particle adequately tuned. I also find that the fluctuations of current rescaled by the averaged current square are tightly bound by the inverse of entropy production or efficiency, which agrees well with the theories of TUR.
