| 摘要: | 在氣候變遷的作用之下，極端氣候頻繁發生在世界各地。台灣能使用水資源本身就很有限，而2020年罕見沒有颱風侵台，少了夏季主要進水來源，各地降雨稀缺導致所有水庫於當年十月面臨供水壓力，故桃園大圳第二期作於十月十六日停灌休耕節水抗旱。本研究以桃園大圳第十支線為研究區域，運用系統動力模式建立灌溉系統，使用其埤塘實際水位、實測之大圳引水量及降雨量等資料，並且以2019、2020年各兩期作做為模擬時間，探討桃園特有的埤塘灌溉系統之效益。尤其針對2020年二期作停灌對於整個灌區之影響。
根據模擬結果，實際埤塘操作下有10個灌區缺水且缺水量為2,701,147m^3。2020年二期作停灌的45天使用大圳計畫配水量26%情境下按照埤塘操作進行模擬，並且與停灌情況下之埤塘操作模擬結果進行比較。同樣模擬埤塘部分調蓄，採用計畫水量26%缺水量結果為1,574,954m^3，與停灌之間缺水量差了1,489,155m^3；同樣模擬埤塘調蓄，採用計畫水量26%缺水量結果為177,207m^3與停灌之間缺水量差了305,810m^3。
;Due to the influence of climate change, extreme climate frequently occur all over the world. Taiwan’s available water resources are very limited. In 2020, there was no typhoon invaded Taiwan. The main source of water inflow in summer is missing. The scarcity of rainfall in various places caused all reservoirs to face water supply pressure in October of that year. Therefore, the second crop period of Taoyuan main canal stopped irrigation and fallow on October 16th to save water and fight drought. In this study, No.10 Sub Canal of Taoyuan main canal was selected as the research area, and the system dynamic model was used to establish an irrigation system. The data of actual pond water level, the amount of water diversion for main canal and the amount of rainfall in Taoyuan were used in this study. The 1st and 2nd crop season of 2019 and 2020 were selected as the simulation period to explore the benefits of the special pond irrigation system in Taoyuan. Especially for the impact of discontinuous irrigation for the entire study area at the second crop period of 2020.
According to the simulated results of the second crop period in 2020, under the actual operation of the pond, there were 10 irrigation districts occurred water shortage as the amount of 2,701,147m^3. Even the water from main canal was applied to support the irrigation, the shortage still occurred. Under the simulation with pond partial supply, there were only 9 irrigation districts occurred, and 29% amount of water shortage was reduced. |
