氣候變遷是一個為全世界帶來明確影響的環境議題。若由典型環境倫理學的角度來看，包含氣候變遷在內各種嚴峻的環境問題，是因為人類為了滿足自身的利益，而不停地耗用大量不可再生的自然資源。為了解決此一問題，典型環境倫理嘗試提出各種不同的價值論述，並嘗試回答「人類是否有保護自然的義務」此一具有道德規範性的「理由問題」。本論文即是由典型環境倫理學對此一問題的回答開始爬梳，並嘗試指明：典型環境倫理學的價值論述，很可能難以在高度全球化的當代，轉化為可供實踐的環境政策。 本論文選擇由氣候變遷議題作為主要的切入點，由當代公民社會的角度，來思索我們應該如何重新設定「理由問題」：若我們不再以個體的身份，而是以參與公民社會的公民身份來面對理由問題時，有哪些重要價值觀點，是我們應該要將其納入考量的？若我們為了緩和氣候變遷所帶來的災害，選擇禁絕所有的碳排放，那麼高度仰賴能源維生的當代社會，將會因為能源價格的快速上漲而受到重大的影響，而貧困的底層族群，很可能會因此淪入退無可退的生活困境當中。本論文探究的「環境公民倫理」，便是基於如何將上述衝突納入考量後，仍能適切回應「理由問題」而展開的思索過程。 ;Climate change is an environmental issue. According to classical environmental ethicists, our focus on fulfilling human interests causes the depletion of natural resources, which results in climate change and other environmental problems. To address this problem, classical environmental ethicists attempt to answer ′the question of justification′: is it our duty to protect the natural environment? This thesis investigates classical environmental ethics and demonstrates whether their value argumentation can be practical in creating environmental policies in our globalized world. This thesis begins with the issue of climate change. I attempt to reframe ′the question of justification′ from the perspective of modern civil society. What kind of value is essential to consider if we approach ′the question of justification′ not as individuals but as citizens of modern civil society? Suppose we decide to cut off all carbon emissions to mitigate climate change. In that case, the result is that the price of energy will rapidly rise and significantly damage our society. The poorest population of the society must struggle to survive. The ′environmental civil ethics′ investigated in this thesis is a process of thinking through how to consider these conflicts on the one hand, and respond appropriately to ′the question of justification′ on the other hand.
