本研究採用從做中學及發現式學習理論，配合多媒體工具Squeak，開發一配合國小高年級自然科教學的學習環境。藉由提供多媒體工具Squeak以及一系列主題範例，讓學生在操作範例關卡的過程中，學習齒輪相關的知識原理以及Squeak的操作。最後再讓學生使用Squeak，透過彼此互相欣賞、交換的方式來製作個人的作品。目的是讓學生在親自動手操作的過程中，自己發現與學習到相關的原理與知識、以及其應用的方法。從做中學（learning by doing）及發現式學習（discovery learning）理論皆強調要學生親自動手、在學習活動中自行探索，進而才會發現相關的規律，並歸納出結論。同時也指出在自然科學教學中安排一些可以讓學生動手操作的活動，不但可以增加學生的學習興趣，在操作過程中也會使學生感受到知識、技能的迫切重要性。Squeak是一套融合了多媒體的物件導向式開發平台，其圖形化的操作介面，對於使用者來說較具吸引力，同時操作上也較為方便。另外Squeak全物件化的特性，讓它的每一個作品中的每一個物件皆可任意移動、複製、甚至是修改。Squeak也同時具備了使用者與設計者介面，讓使用者不僅可以欣賞與操作他人的作品，也可以根據自己的喜好來對作品做修改。另外本研究亦提供了一個可上傳與下載檔案的介面，讓使用者可以很方便地透過此介面來進行作品的觀摩與交換，藉此讓學生可以互相觀摩與切磋，以及增加學生彼此互動的機會。本研究實驗的範圍是國小高年級自然與生活科技課程中的「齒輪」單元。在根據學生問卷、老師與學生訪談後，歸納出以下的結論： 1. 將Squeak融入國小自然科教學中對學生有偏向正面的幫助。 2. 多數學生對於使用Squeak進行學習持傾向正面的態度。 3. 教師對於使用Squeak進行國小自然科的教學亦持正面的看法。 In this study, I integrated learning by doing and discovery learning theory with multimedia tool “Squeak” to develop a learning environment for elementary school students. By providing Squeak and serial sample projects, students can learn the knowledge about gears and understand how to use Squeak by using sample projects. Finally, I let students use Squeak and complete their projects by sharing objects in all projects. The purpose is that students can discover and learn related knowledge by making projects. Learning by doing and discovery learning theory all emphasize that students must doing by themselves and inquire in learning activities, and then they will discover related rules and make conclusions. These learning theories also indicate that if instructors arrange some doing activities in science class, students will not only learn more actively but also realize the importance of knowledge and skills. Squeak is a multimedia object-oriented develop platform. The graphic interface of Squeak attracts users and is easy to use. Because of the object-oriented feature, any object in Squeak projects can be moved, copied, and even altered by any user. Squeak provide the same interface for both users and developers, so users can not only look and manipulate but also alter projects that made by other users. In order to increase the chances of interactivity between users and provide a place for users to share projects, this study also provide a web site for project exchange. Users can look, manipulate, and exchange projects on this site. The experiment of this study is aimed at “gear” unit in elementary science course. According to the result of interview of teacher and students, the following conclusions are obtained: 1. Using Squeak in elementary science course can assist student learning. 2. Students don’t reject science course with Squeak. 3. Teacher confirm the effective of science teaching by using Squeak.
