黑斑龍膽為臺灣特有種草本科植物，具有花瓣晴天打開，陰天關閉的花瓣運動；有特殊的紫外光圖形；花瓣黑斑以下的部分比起黑斑以上的部分有更強的紫外反射率，種種特徵，似乎讓黑斑龍膽更加適應高山嚴苛的生存環境，所以本研究將針對黑斑龍膽的光學特性、其花瓣運動和授粉行為進行研究與觀察，試圖了解黑斑龍膽的生存策略。本論文主要有三項研究結果：第一，花瓣運動可以經由花瓣溫度下降觸發，臨界溫度為15°C，有效避免花朵的授粉器官受到低溫或是雨水的傷害，這樣的行為有助於植物面對更加多雨與低溫的高山環境；第二，黑斑龍膽的紫外光圖形與授粉行為息息相關，破壞紫外光圖形能有效干擾昆蟲的拜訪；第三，黑斑龍膽花瓣的表面結構在黑斑以上與黑斑以下有著明顯差異，這些差異造成不同光學特性，黑斑以上的表面結構產生均勻的漫反射訊號，而黑斑以下表面結構的漫反射訊號則具有亮區。這三項研究結果能幫助我們進一步了解黑斑龍膽的生存策略，花瓣運動提高授粉效率，紫外光影像吸引昆蟲，而表面結構造成的漫反射訊號特徵，使花朵在可見光波段有著亮暗對比的色彩呈現。;Gentiana scabrida Hayata var. punctulata S. S. Ying is a Taiwan endemic herbaceous plant that exhibits petal movements, opening in sunny conditions and closing on overcast days. It features unique ultraviolet patterns, with the petal region below the black spots having a stronger ultraviolet reflectance than the area above the black spots. These characteristics appear to help the Gentiana scabrida Hayata var. punctulata S. S. Ying adapt to the harsh alpine environment. Consequently, this study aims to investigate and observe the optical properties, petal movements, and pollination behavior of Gentiana scabrida Hayata var. punctulata S. S. Ying to gain insights into its survival strategy. These research yields three main findings. First, petal movements are triggered by a decrease in petal temperature, with a critical temperature of 15°C, effectively protecting the flower′s reproductive organs from damage caused by low temperatures or rain. This behavior aids the plant in coping with the rainy and cold conditions of the high mountains. Second, the ultraviolet patterns of Gentiana scabrida Hayata var. punctulata S. S. Ying are closely related to its pollination behavior, and disrupting these patterns can effectively deter insect visits. Third, the surface structures of Gentiana scabrida Hayata var. punctulata S. S. Ying‘s petals exhibit significant differences above and below the black spots, resulting in distinct optical properties. The surface structures above the black spots produce even diffused reflection signals, while those below the black spots have bright regions. These findings provide insights into Gentiana scabrida Hayata var. punctulata S. S. Ying‘s survival strategies. Petal movement enhances pollination efficiency, ultraviolet patterns attract insects, and the characteristics of diffuse reflectance signals created by surface structures result in a conspicuous color contrast in the visible light spectrum.
