| 摘要: | 我國電子事業中，表面黏著技術 (SMT) 為製造 3C 產品的主要技術，早期在尚未有SMT技術之前是以人工插件為主，之後發展出SMT的專用零件來符合SMT貼裝設備的自動貼裝機，此時尚未有自動視覺檢查設備 (AOI)，僅依靠人力目視檢測。隨著SMT零件微小、密集化，開始需要搭配放大鏡來輔助檢視，但以人工進行品質檢查難免出現疏漏或誤判，AOI檢測設備為克服此問題而問世。
初期的AOI檢測設備只有2D AOI (1996年)檢測設備，雖然可以即時性把關品質，但因其誤判率太高，所以每台AOI設備還是需要安排一個人力來做覆判的工作。2015年 3D AOI檢測設備的出現，終於讓發展史歷經三十多年的AOI檢測設備擺脫人力束縛，達到完全自動化的高檢出率與高直通率，進而提升到最高品質。
另外SMT生產線的製程改善是相當重要的工程工作，目前SMT生產廠商為了提高高階產品的品質，除了在氮氣爐後安裝一台3D AOI檢查機台外，氮氣爐前也安裝一台3D AOI檢查機台，來對應檢查越來越精密細小的零件，以符合國際大廠的客戶要求。
本論文探討目的是透過S-C-P模型深入分析，可以揭示這個產業中不同參與者的角色、市場競爭的程度以及其對整體經濟的影響。進一步研究SMT 3D AOI產業的發展現況和趨勢，有助於預測未來的發展方向和策略，以幫助SMT 3D AOI產業的廠商做出明智的決策和規劃。
研究結果發現台灣SMT 3D AOI產業的結構為低度寡占競爭的市場，未來SMT 2D AOI檢查設備將全面汰舊換新、擴充產線及新廠設立為其主要的需求市場。透過擴充廠房與增加生產線、策略聯盟、多角化經營及研發創新等，可幫助廠商將市占率提高進而達到規模經濟，與其他廠商相比更具競爭力且產生大者恆大的趨勢。
SMT 3D AOI產業是屬於2D AOI的升級產業，除了設備的檢查精度及速度提升外，最主要是給此產業帶來穩定性、可靠性及信賴性。相信未來會更普遍使用3D AOI的技術，可以為整個產業帶來的效益為減少勞動人力、提高生產品質及良率、改善製程、增加生產產品的使用期限、減少維修重工及退貨等好處，相對也可以減少碳排放達到永續經營的目標。
本論文是針對 3D AOI 產業的發展以S-C-P模型進行分析，著重於台灣SMT 3D AOI產業的市場結構、廠商行為與產業績效，以及台灣SMT 3D AOI 產業的發展現況，並探討SMT 3D AOI產業的演變趨勢及未來發展，最後提出因應方針及建議，供SMT 3D AOI 產業的廠商參考。;In the electronic industry of our country, Surface Mount Technology (SMT) is the main technique used in the manufacturing of 3C products. In the early stages, before the advent of SMT technology, manual insertion of components was the primary method. Later, dedicated SMT components were developed to meet the requirements of automated SMT placement equipment. At that time, Automated Optical Inspection (AOI) devices were not available, and visual inspection relying on human labor was the only method used. As SMT components became smaller and denser, the use of magnifying glasses became necessary for inspection. However, manual quality inspection is prone to errors and omissions. AOI inspection equipment was introduced to overcome this problem.
The initial AOI inspection equipment was limited to 2D AOI (introduced in 1996). Although it allowed real-time quality control, its high rate of false judgments required manual rechecking for each AOI device. In 2015, the introduction of 3D AOI inspection equipment finally freed AOI inspection devices, which had been in development for over thirty years, from reliance on human labor, achieving high detection rates and high yield rates through complete automation.
In addition, process improvement in SMT production lines is a critical engineering task. Currently, SMT manufacturers install a 3D AOI inspection machine after the nitrogen furnace to enhance the quality of high-end products. They also install a 3D AOI inspection machine before the nitrogen furnace to accommodate the inspection of increasingly precise and small components, meeting the requirements of international major customers.
This paper aims to investigate the roles of different participants, the level of market competition, and their impact on the overall economy through the S-C-P model. Further research into the current development and trends of the SMT 3D AOI industry will facilitate the prediction of future directions and strategies, assisting manufacturers in the SMT 3D AOI industry to make informed decisions and plans.
Research results indicate that Taiwan′s SMT 3D AOI industry has a low degree of oligopolistic competition. In the future, SMT 2D AOI inspection equipment will be completely replaced with new equipment, and expanding production lines and establishing new factories will become the main demand market. By expanding facilities, increasing production lines, strategic alliances, diversifying operations, and investing in research and innovation, manufacturers can increase their market share and achieve economies of scale, making them more competitive compared to other companies and following the trend of "the bigger, the better."
The SMT 3D AOI industry is an upgraded sector from 2D AOI. Besides improving inspection accuracy and speed, its main contribution is providing stability, reliability, and trustworthiness to the industry. It is believed that the use of 3D AOI technology will become more prevalent in the future. Its benefits to the industry include reducing labor costs, improving product quality and yield, optimizing processes, increasing product lifespan, reducing rework and returns, and contributing to sustainable operations by reducing carbon emissions.
This thesis analyzes the development of the 3D AOI industry using the S-C-P model. It focuses on the market structure, firm behavior, and industry performance of the Taiwanese SMT 3D AOI industry. It also examines the current status and discusses the evolving trends and future development of the SMT 3D AOI industry. Finally, it proposes strategies and recommendations for the industry participants in the SMT 3D AOI sector. |
