| 摘要: | 生物可分解塑膠是一種來自再生資源具有負碳排放可以被生物分解，滿足環境永續和淨零碳排目的，對環境負擔較低的新型塑膠。由於這些特性，生物可分解塑膠逐漸成為導致塑膠垃圾和塑膠微粒危害的泛用傳統塑膠替代品。然而，面對原本成本低廉、產業結構完整的傳統塑膠產業以及消費者對傳統塑膠便宜好用的使用習慣，儘管各國政府意識到傳統塑膠的垃圾污染和微粒危害問題嚴重性，在種種政府政策及國際間的限制下，化石來源傳統塑膠的生產成本在加計許多環境需負擔支出後不再是便宜的商品。但是，對於剛起步的生物可分解塑膠產業，產業的發展性是否可由相關政府的政策驅使未來發展，更重要的是消費市場的接受度，值得深入研究與探討。
經由S-C-P模型分析生物可分解塑膠產業可以發現，在產業結構(S)方面來看，是一個相對較新的小型產業，有一些主要參與者和一些較小的公司。該產業的特點是資本投入高，因為生物可分解塑膠的生產需要在研發、設備和設施方面進行大量投資。此外，該產業受嚴格的環境法規約束，使新公司難以進入市場。廠商行為(C)方面，通常著重於開發新產品、改進製造工藝和降低成本。廠商間會進行積極的行銷和促銷活動，以使其產品建立品牌知名度。產業績效(P)方面，生物可分解塑膠產業公司的業績通過多種方式衡量，包括利潤、技術進步和永續發展。利潤受成本結構、定價策略和規模經濟等因素的影響。技術進步是業內許多公司的主要關注點，公司會努力盡量減少生產過程中的浪費和污染。永續發展是另一個重要的績效指標，因為公司會根據產品質量、價格和永續性等因素爭奪客戶。因此，生物可分解塑膠產業是一個複雜且不斷發展的產業型態，產業發展受到政府監管和環境因素的嚴重影響。產業內的公司必須應對這些挑戰，同時開發創新產品和流程以保持市場競爭力。;Biodegradable plastics are a new type of plastic with negative carbon emissions, derived from renewable resources and capable of being broken down by biological processes, thus meeting environmental sustainability and net-zero carbon emission goals. Due to these characteristics, biodegradable plastics are gradually becoming a common replacement for traditional plastics that cause plastic waste and microplastic hazards. However, despite various government policies and international restrictions that recognized the severity of plastic pollution and microplastic hazards caused by traditional plastic, the traditional plastic industry, which has low production costs and a well-established industry structure, and consumers′ preference for cheap and convenient traditional plastic products pose a challenge to the development of the biodegradable plastic industry. The production cost of fossil-fuel-based traditional plastics has increased due to the need for environmental responsibility and related expenses. However, the acceptance of the biodegradable plastic industry by the consumer market is more crucial than government policies to drive future development.
Through the Structure-Conduct-Performance model analysis of the biodegradable plastic industry, it can be seen that in terms of industry structure (S), it is a relatively new and small industry with a few major players and some smaller companies. The industry′s characteristic is high capital investment because the production of biodegradable plastics requires significant investment in research and development, equipment, and facilities. In addition, the industry is constrained by strict environmental regulations, making it difficult for new companies to enter the market. Regarding firm behavior (C), the focus is usually on developing new products, improving manufacturing processes, and reducing costs. Companies engage in active marketing and promotional activities to establish brand awareness of their products. In terms of industry performance (P), biodegradable plastic industry companies′ performance is measured in various ways, including profitability, technological progress, and sustainable development. Profitability is influenced by factors such as cost structure, pricing strategy, and economies of scale. Technological progress is a primary concern for many companies in the industry, and they strive to minimize waste and pollution during the production process. Sustainable development is another important performance indicator because companies compete for customers based on product quality, price, and sustainability factors. Therefore, the biodegradable plastic industry is a complex and evolving industry type, and industry development is heavily influenced by government regulation and environmental factors. Companies within the industry must address these challenges while developing innovative products and processes to maintain market competitiveness. |
