| 摘要: | 電力系統上最為重要的機電裝置為變壓器(Transformer)，其產生的低鳴噪音聲讓人們難以忍受，本論文旨在研究影響變壓器噪音(Noise)及振動(Vibration)的因素，以期在設計上提出影響噪音因素方案。變壓器噪音與振動根源基本上來自於軟磁性材料，但是對於磁性與噪音間的真實關係鮮少有研究作探討，故本論文針對軟磁性材料磁致伸縮(Magnetostriction, λ)大小與磁滯迴線(Hysteresis loop)矩形比SR (Squareness ratio, B_r/B_s)、鐵心容積大小、以及高頻率鐵心腳不同型態磁通密度分佈特徵研究其對噪音與振動的影響。文中首先藉由磁致伸縮儀量測磁致伸縮特性，取得材料受到磁化後材料長度尺寸伸縮變化；再者，以振動樣本分析儀量測磁滯迴線參數包含飽和磁通密度(Saturation magnetic flux density, B_s)、矯頑磁力(Coercive force, H_c)與剩磁(Demagnetization remanence, B_r)及矩形比等參數，確認所使用材料的磁性參數，以進一步研究探討影響變壓器噪音與振動因素關係。本論文之實驗中設計多種類不同軟磁性鐵心變壓器研究實驗個案，包含不同軟磁性材料矽鋼片(Silicon steel)與非晶質合金(Amorphous alloy)等製成鐵心、討論不同變壓器容量（介於1kVA至60MVA）、不同鐵心重量、不同線圈重量等電力型變壓器進行噪音與振動研究。最後對於工業界經常應用的中頻變壓器(Medium frequency transformer, MFT)提出設計模擬與製造討論，以非晶質鐵心與複合式鐵心(SA1、HB1及HB1-M)探討電子變壓器噪音與振動影響。本研究貢獻著重於提出超大型電力變壓器雖以磁致伸縮與鐵心體積大小為主要影響變壓器噪音的因素；對於極小型電子式非晶質鐵心變壓器顯示鐵心型態包含鐵心腳、鐵心長度以及鐵心彎曲轉角等結構對噪音亦有所影響，將進行討論與分析。;The most important electromechanical device in a power system is a transformer. However, the low-pitched noise it produces is unbearable to people. This paper aims to study the factors affecting the noise and vibration of the transformer to propose a scheme for mitigating the noise in the design of the transformer. The soft magnetic materials are the source of transformer noise. However, studies on the relationship between magnetism and noise are limited. Therefore, this paper focuses on the magnitude of magnetostriction (λ) and hysteresis loop of soft magnetic materials. Hysteresis loop (or B-H curve), squareness ratio, core volume size, and high-frequency core leg different types of magnetic flux density distribution characteristics to study their impact on noise and vibration. In this paper, the magnetostrictive characteristics of the core are measured by a magnetostrictive instrument, and the change in dimensions of the material after magnetization are obtained. The hysteresis loop parameters such as saturation magnetic flux density (Bs), coercive force (Hc), demagnetization remanence (Br), and squareness ratio (Br/Bs) are measured via a vibrating sample analyzer to confirm the magnetic parameters of the materials used. Furthermore, this study explores the relationship between the factors affecting the noise and vibration of the transformer. In the experiment, a variety of different soft magnetic core transformers are designed, including cores fabricated of different soft magnetic materials such as silicon steel sheets and amorphous alloys. Different transformer capacities (between 1kVA and 60MVA), core weights, and the effects on noise and vibration in power transformers with different coil weights have been analyzed. Lastly, the design simulation and manufacturing discussion of intermediate frequency electronic transformers often used in the industry have been proposed, and the impact of noise and vibration on electronic transformers with amorphous cores and composite cores (SA1, HB1, and HB1-M) has been discussed. This research concludes that hysteresis expansion and core volume are the primary factors affecting transformer noise in ultra-large power transformers; for extremely small electronic amorphous core transformers, the core parameters including legs, length, and bending structures such as corners and core lengths also have an impact on noise, which has been discussed and analyzed simultaneously. |
