顆粒流在工業和自然環境中有著複雜的現象，其流動行為受到固體和類液體行為之間相互作用的強烈影響。在這項研究中，使用由帶有儲存槽的矩形滑槽所組成的實驗設備，研究了顆粒崩塌流的行為，在實驗中讓顆粒以不同的傾斜角以及不同的收縮寬度通過狹窄的縮口。實驗結果表明，顆粒流動行為高度依賴於傾斜角和收縮寬度，流動的速度大小隨著傾斜角的增加而增加，震波角曲線與尾流角曲線呈現相反的關係。此外，通過分析觀察了流動深度。顆粒層隨著收縮寬度的減小和傾斜角的增加而增加，這表明重力對於流場性質有著重要的影響。顆粒流中的能量耗散與顆粒之間的摩擦相互作用密切相關，顆粒之間的接觸減少，導致摩擦引起的能量損失減少，使得流速增加。這些結果為顆粒流的基本物理學提供了新的見解，並對一系列工業和自然現象具有重要影響。;Granular flows are complex phenomena that arise in various industrial and natural contexts, and their behavior is strongly affected by the interplay between solid and liquid-like behavior. In this study, the behavior of granular avalanches was investigated using an experimental setup consisting of a rectangular channel with a hopper column, where sand particles are released at different inclinations and through constricted channels. The experimental results reveal that the granular flow behavior is highly dependent on the inclination angle and width of the channel, as well as the presence of wedges. The experiment findings demonstrate that the velocity magnitude of the flow increases with the inclination angle, and that the shock angle curve and wake angle curve exhibit an opposite relationship. Furthermore, the flow depth was observed through the analyzing process. It shows that the particle layer increases with decreasing contraction width and increasing inclination angle, indicating that gravitational forces play a critical role in particle disposition. The findings revealed that the energy dissipation in the granular flow is closely related to the frictional interactions between particles, with less contact between particles resulting in less energy loss due to friction and greater flow velocities. These results shed new light on the fundamental physics of granular flows and have important implications for a range of industrial and natural processes.
