探討農業灌溉管理型態對灌溉管理用水量之影響;Analyze the effects of agricultural irrigation management practices on irrigation water management in Taiwan

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题名:	探討農業灌溉管理型態對灌溉管理用水量之影響;Analyze the effects of agricultural irrigation management practices on irrigation water management in Taiwan
作者:	吳幸娟;Wu, Hsing-Chuan
贡献者:	土木工程學系
关键词:	灌溉管理型態;系統動力模式;田間灌溉管理;灌溉用水量;Agricultural irrigation management types;System dynamic model;Field irrigation management;Irrigation water
日期:	2024-07-26
上传时间:	2024-10-09 14:46:16 (UTC+8)
出版者:	國立中央大學
摘要:	農業灌溉管理型態受到自然環境、區域地形與灌溉水源等因素影響，而發展出不同型態，如混合型灌溉、河川型灌溉及水庫型灌溉，而溫室氣體增加造成全球暖化，對於水文環境造成衝擊，以水資源的角度考量，農業灌溉水源面臨調配困難，需進行灌溉用水管理調適，故本研究探討農業灌溉用水量，分析各農業灌溉管理型態，以桃園、彰化及嘉南管理處為例，進而討論田間灌溉用水量及計畫灌溉用水量，探討灌溉管理用水策略及管理機制。本研究研析桃園、彰化及嘉南管理處2014~2019年計畫用水量與實際灌溉用水量，分析灌溉用水量，並應用系統動力模式建立嘉南管理處農業灌溉用水系統，探討嘉南管理處五甲小組在枯水年、豐水年、平水年，原灌溉計畫書及實際灌溉管理下，一期作與二期作灌區內水文通量的變化。農業灌溉管理型態分析結果顯示，水庫型灌溉之水源源自水庫，在乾旱缺水時期，水資源須優先提供予其他用水標的使用，發展加強灌溉管理及精進灌溉系統以完成灌溉任務，單位面積實際用水量相較於河川型灌溉及混合型灌溉來得低，一期作單位面積實際用水量為0.57~0.89m；河川型灌溉之水源源自鄰近河川，直接以河川引水至田區，實際用水量與降雨量相關，一期作單位面積實際用水量為0.88~1.22m；混合型灌溉為應用埤塘儲蓄降雨，在乾旱缺水期時，以埤塘供水至田區，利用有效雨量提升灌溉用水效率，一期作單位面積實際用水量為0.47~1.09m。在系統動力模式模擬結果顯示，在依據灌溉計畫書執行灌溉管理下，灌溉計畫配水量遠大於實際引灌水量，造成田區出流量、滲漏量及蒸發散量大，可知灌溉計畫書配水過於粗放；在依據實際灌溉管理執行，嘉南管理處於乾旱或缺水時期，執行加強灌溉管理以供九停五灌溉管理操作下，可有效節省灌溉水量，並減少田區出流量。;Agricultural irrigation management practices are affected by the environment, topography and irrigation water sources. Develop reservoir-type irrigation, river-type irrigation and mixed-type irrigation. These impacts can be magnified under global warming situation which is expected to rise the temperature and alter the hydrological cycle. This study analyzes agricultural irrigation management practices. Analysis of planned irrigation water and actual irrigation water consumption of Taoyuan, Changhua and Cianan region from 2014 to 2019. In this study, a system dynamic model was used to establish a unique agricultural irrigation method in irrigated area of Cianan. The system dynamic model was simulated for 1st and 2nd crop season of paddy rice in 2014, 2016, and 2019. The main objective was the analysis planned irrigation water and actual irrigation water consumption of the irrigation system under operating conditions. The result shows, for reservoir-type irrigation, the water resources must be given priority to other water uses, develop enhance the management of irrigation and sophisticated irrigation system, the actual water consumption per unit area is 0.57~0.89m for 1st crop season. For river-type irrigation, irrigation by diverting water from rivers, and water resources can’t be stored, the actual water consumption per unit area is 0.88~1.22m for 1st crop season. The mixed-tpye irrigation can assist with irrigation water supply during drought periods, but also used for water storage during rainfall, the actual water consumption per unit area is 0.47~1.09m for 1st crop season. According to the simulation results, the implementation of the planned irrigation will result in large outflow, leakage and evaporation in the irrigation area. Implementing enhance the management can effectively reduce irrigation water, and educe the outflow of fields.
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