| 摘要: | 摘要
電動車領域因電驅取代傳統內燃機，車身其他結構振動噪音會較為明顯；電驅系統中齒輪嚙合振動為噪音主要激勵來源，因而本研究前期建立指向型聲學麥克風量測實驗，探討齒輪修形、更改背隙、添加磨紋之參數化控制齒輪噪音方法；並建立振動量測、模態實驗、聲學照相機量測，獲取車輛運轉參數及材料性質；藉由電腦輔助計算模擬方法，通過KISSsoft&KISSsys進行傳動系統的建立，結合多體動力學(Multi-body Dynamics, MBD)、有限元素法(Finite Element Analysis, FEM)，本研究使用RecurDyn軟體DriveTrain模組之KISSsoft模塊進行齒輪箱系統的多體動力學建模，基於剛-柔耦合理論(Rigid-flexible Body Dynamics, RFBD)，將有限元素法和多體動力學相結合，以有限元方法描述多體系統中的軸件及齒輪箱殼體；將齒輪、軸承、電機殼體視為剛體，與柔性體機構在同一個系統中求解計算，計算系統運行中因幾何變形和彈塑性變形所引起的機械系統運動行為真實結果。並根據等效聲輻射理論(Equivalent Radiated Power, ERP)，分辨出齒輪嚙合振動傳遞至結構板件的輻射位置；代替實驗侷限性，探討通過在板件輻射位置進行結構尺寸優化、重新設計肋條排列，及齒輪齒面鼓形修整對傳動齒輪箱噪音之影響。本研究亦提供創新性齒輪箱系統NVH分析之完整方法及流程，該分析方法可以應用在具齒輪機構之泛用傳動系統。;The rise of electric propulsion in the automotive industry has led to a heightened focus on vibration and noise coming from various vehicle structures, with gear mesh vibration noise emerging as a primary concern. The research established acoustic measurement experiments to explore parameterized methods for controlling gear noise, including gear modification, gear backlash adjustments, and gear grinding. Additionally, vibration measurements, modal experiments, and acoustic camera measurements were conducted to obtain material properties and vehicle operating parameters. Using Computer-aided Simulation Methods, the research established a transmission system through KISSsoft&KISSsys, combining Multi-Body Dynamics (MBD) and Finite-Element Analysis (FEA). The RecurDyn DriveTrain module based on the KISSsoft module is used for MBD modeling of the gearbox system. Based on Rigid-flexible Body Dynamics (RFBD) theory, FEM and MBD algorithms were integrated to describe shafts and gearbox housing within finite elements. Electric motor housing, Gears, and bearings were treated as rigid bodies, solved alongside flexible body mechanisms within the same system, calculating the real behavior of mechanical systems due to geometric and elastoplastic deformations during operation. Based on Equivalent Radiated Power (ERP) theory, the research identified the maximum radiation position where vibrations from gear meshing transmit to the housing. This approach replaced experimental limitations and explored the effects of structural dimension optimization, redesigning ribs, and gear flank line crowning on gearbox noise. The research offers a comprehensive method and process for innovative NVH analysis in vehicle engineering, and is also suitable for general-purpose transmission systems with gear mechanisms. |
