| 摘要: | 本研究首先依照煉鐵高爐的真實尺寸設計一縮小比例的冷模料倉設備，使用黃豆顆粒進行參數量測與填卸料實驗，且於EDEM軟體模擬中進行參數校正與填卸料模擬，最終比對實驗量測與模擬數據結果，以驗證模擬結果的準確性。接著以離散元素法針對一般鋼鐵公司所使用的煉鐵高爐與爐料(燒結礦、塊礦等含鐵爐料)進行建模，使用不同的填料模式、爐料配比與閥門開啟角度，模擬高爐料倉填卸料過程中各種爐料的堆積與運動行為，並探討在添加熱壓鐵塊(HBI)後對於高爐料倉內爐料填卸的影響，以找到較佳的操作參數。研究的分析包括粒徑偏析現象、體積佔有率等爐料分布情形，以及卸料總質量流率、架橋現象等料倉排料的料流行為。
研究結果顯示利用黃豆顆粒進行的縮小尺寸冷模實驗結果與模擬結果僅有在合理範圍內的些微誤差，兩者的結果相當吻合，成功驗證EDEM模擬的準確性。在高爐料倉模擬部分，使用疊料方式添加HBI後會使得HBI與燒結礦充分混合，在填料完成後HBI會分布在料堆靠上層位置，且會以分析區域的X軸近乎對稱分布，以Y軸為中心則因為料倉中積料盒位置而呈不連續分布。在卸料方面，則以出口閥門開啟角度37.5度為最佳閥門操作參數，在此開啟角度下，各HBI濃度配比的卸料時長皆會趨近理想的排料總秒數，能夠與下方旋轉滑槽佈料操作有良好銜接。隨著添加HBI濃度配比的提高，卸料的料流行為會變得相對不穩定，不過，整體來說卸料的總質量流率仍在一個相對小的區間內震盪變化，且卸料過程中沒有發生HBI卡住的架橋現象。因此，使用疊料方式添加HBI與閥門開啟角度37.5度為兩個適當的操作參數，在此操作條件下，即使添加濃度高達150 kg/THM的HBI，高爐仍然可以順利正常運作。
;In this study, a scaled-down cold model of the hopper, proportionally designed based on the actual blast furnace hopper, is constructed for parameter measurement and charging/discharging experiments using soybean particles. The parameters are calibrated and simulated in EDEM, and experimental measurements are compared with simulation results to verify the accuracy of the simulations.
Also, the Discrete Element Method (DEM) is used to model the blast furnace and burden materials (sinter, lump ore, and iron-bearing materials). Various charging modes, burden ratios, and gate opening angles are used to simulate the stacking and movement behaviors of different burden materials during the charging and discharging processes in the blast furnace hopper. The impact of adding Hot Briquetted Iron (HBI) on the burden in the blast furnace hopper is investigated to find the optimal operating parameters. The analysis includes the distribution of burden materials such as particle size segregation, volume fraction, discharge mass flow rate, and arching phenomena.
The study results indicate that the results of the scaled-down cold model experiments using soybean particles show only slight deviations within a reasonable range from the cold model simulation results. The agreement between experimental and simulation results validates the accuracy of the EDEM simulations. Moreover, adding HBI using the layer charging method results in thorough mixing of HBI and sinter. After charging, HBI is distributed in the upper layer of the burden pile and shows an almost symmetrical distribution along the X-axis of the analysis region. Along the Y-axis, the distribution is discontinuous due to the location of the stone box in the hopper. For discharging, the optimal gate operating parameter is a 37.5-degree opening angle. Under this condition, the discharge duration for various HBI concentration ratios are close to ideal total discharge time, allowing for smooth coordination with the lower rotating chute distribution operation.
As the HBI concentration ratio increases, the discharge flow behavior becomes relatively unstable. However, the total mass flow rate remains within a fixed range of oscillation, and no arching of HBI occurs during the discharge process. Therefore, the layer charging method for adding HBI and a 37.5-degree gate opening angle are identified as suitable operating parameters. Under these conditions, even with an HBI addition concentration as high as 150 kg/THM, the blast furnace can operate smoothly. |
