| 摘要: | 由於競爭環境日漸複雜，為了回應產業的競爭壓力，組織營運模式由傳統強調自主性、獨立營運的生存方式，轉變成為供應鏈廠商間垂直或水平整合的緊密合作營運模式，甚至策略結盟，各自發揮核心競爭力，互利共生，以達經營綜效。 相關研究結果發現，人力資源活動為形成，並維持供應鏈廠商間競爭優勢的關鍵因素，而Growen & Tallon(2002)更特別指出，人力資源相關活動可以強化供應鏈的品質及競爭優勢，而廠商也會利用人力資源管理活動來強化彼此之間的關係，再次強調了人力資源活動對於供應鏈關係的重要性。 另一方面，考量台灣的產業結構，上市櫃公司中有高達86%的公司是屬於製造業，且大多數的公司又以為世界各大電子資訊公司進行OEM或ODM為主要業務內容。因此，本研究考量產業及供應鏈管理的轉變，以及台灣特有的產業環境，設定主要探討議題為供應鏈中顧客及供應商之間的夥伴關係，對人力資源活動的影響，希望進一步瞭解與顧客之間的夥伴關係強弱，是否會影響公司對人力資源活動的重視程度。 本研究之研究主題為探討供應鏈中與顧客之夥伴關係，對企業人力資源活動的影響，分兩階段檢驗其關聯性。第一階段先以「第一主要顧客銷貨金額佔總銷貨之比例」做為衡量與供應鏈顧客夥伴關係強弱的指標，以15%做為分界分為關係強及關係弱兩組，並以七項人力資源活動中做為依變數，以獨立樣本t檢定法檢驗兩組的人力資源活動是否有顯著差異。分析結果顯示，在第一階段部分，兩組對於七項構面的重視程度都有顯著差異，且都是夥伴顧客關係強的公司對於人力資源活動的重視程度，勝於顧客關係弱的公司，驗證了本研究的假設。此外，也發現了在員工參與、績效評估、員工關係及訓練及發展四項的差異性較大。 第二階段則以「信任與承諾程度」、「合作關係存續期間」與「顧客支援」做為衡量與供應鏈顧客夥伴關係強弱的指標，並以人力資源活動中之「高績效工作實務」做為依變數，將樣本公司分為施行高績效工作實務程度高者，以及施行程度低者兩組，並以邏輯回歸法檢驗與顧客之夥伴關係，對企業人力資源活動的施行程度是否有所影響。分析結果顯示「合作關係存續期間」，與「信任與承諾程度」兩項自變數，對於企業實行高績效工作實務的程度具有顯著影響，代表當企業與顧客之合作關係存續期間越長，以及與顧客之信任與承諾程度越高時，企業採行高績效工作實務的程度也越高。但「顧客支援」此自變數對於企業採行高績效工作實務程度的分析結果顯示，並無顯著影響。 根據本研究結果顯示，供應鏈中與顧客之夥伴關係強弱，確實會影響企業採行高績效工作實務的程度，顯示人力資源活動，已從單純的內部管理活動，轉變成顧客評估企業是否為適合的合作對象的標準之一，甚至將相關標準直接明訂於合作契約中，也表示顧客方對組織人力資源管理成效的重視程度。有鑑於此，人力資源管理確實扮演著「策略性夥伴」的角色。未來，組織內部在設計相關人力資源活動時，例如訓練及招募徵選活動，建議先考量合作廠商的對人力資源管理的經營理念及要求，主動的提升人力運用的效率，爭取顧客對組織的信任。 雖然本次研究結果顯示顧客的教育與技術的支援程度，與組織高績效工作實務的施行程度沒有顯著關聯，但相關文獻已經證實，訓練發展是最能增進供應鏈績效的方法，供應鏈的組織間也常會利用訓練發展制度，作為雙方技術交流，及資訊分享的方法。企業若想要維持良好的供應鏈顧客關係，就必須和顧客在訓練發展活動上，緊密配合，在設定訓練發展內容時，可以參考供應鏈夥伴的意見，為員工設計更有助於提升供應鏈績效的訓練課程。 In order to compete in the complex and strict environment, enterprises must get the competition advantage by changing the way of cooperation, like the vertical and horizontal integration, or the strategy alliance. How to make all supply chain members focus on their specific fields and do their best to get synergy has become the key factor of the success. The past researches found that human resource function is the key factor to maintain the long-term relationship of supply chain members, and strengthen their competitive advantages and the quality of supply chain. (Growen & Tallon,2002). Besides, the human resource activities have been regarded as the part of standers of choosing suppliers, like the “Electronic Industry Code of Conduct (EICC)” and ”SA800” conditions. Concerning the industrial structure of Taiwan, most of the companies are manufacturing, and the original equipment manufacturers (OEM) or original design manufacturers (ODM) is the major cooperation way with their customers. As the key strategic partners of our OEM or ODM customers in the global supply chain, understanding how the customers affect the firms’ human resource activities is the very important. We try to find out whether the strength of partner relationship between suppliers and customers will affect the firms valuing and practicing the human resource activities. We use two steps to discuss the relationship between “the strength of customer partnership in supply chain” and “the level of practicing human resource activities”. The first step we choice “sales ratio of the main customer” to evaluate the strength of partner relationship between suppliers and customers. If it’s more than 15%, it’s means having strong partnership. If it’s less than 15%, it’s means having weak partnership. Besides, we use 7 kinds of human resource practices to evaluate the level of enterprises practicing the human resource activities. We find that there is significant difference of 7 kinds of HR practices between the two groups. It means when the customers and suppliers have stronger partnership, the level of suppliers practicing HR activities will become higher. At the second step, we use three indexes: “period of cooperation relationship”, “customers’ support” and “trust and commitment” to evaluate the strength of partner relationship between suppliers and customers, and use the degree of “High performance work practices” as the dependent variable. In this research, we use the logistic regression to analysis our hypothesis. We find that the two indexes of independent variable “period of cooperation relationship” and “trust and commitment” will affect the degree of practicing high performance work practices. It means when the enterprises have the longer cooperation relationship with their customers, and the higher degree of trust and commitment, the degree of enterprises practicing high performance work practices will be higher. But another index “customer supply” doesn’t have significant effect to the dependent variable. According to the result, we find the strength of partner relationship between suppliers and customers will affect the degree of enterprises practicing high performance work practices. It means the human resource activities are not just the supply function. Human resource activities have become one kind of stander when they choose suppliers. The enterprise must emphasize the human resource activities to get the trust of our customers. |
