| Abstract: | 由於採行BIM技術，營造業從設計階段發展到設施/物業管理階段，將錯誤減少到最低程度並確保了更高的品質，因此，政府逐步要求國內的大型公共工程導入BIM技術，但因無標準規範依循，而造成廠商執行過程衍生契約問題及淺潛在的風險，甚至在某程度上造成BIM發展的障礙。
本研究蒐集施工規範和採購契約等資料進行分析，將契約因採行BIM作業與廠商實際執行上的差距所衍生的契約問題。透過實案分析並彙整模型數量與契約數量比對成果，並提出檢核發包數量工作項目，並請專家提供適合的BIM人力配置和人員經歷建議，及提供傳統施工契約所訂定不合理的成果交付時程及施工契約之BIM項目之契約價金不足改善建議，減少雙方契約爭議。
BIM技術不僅是建模工具，更是流程與執行專案模式的一種手法，因此相關契約模式與法律議題會與過去明顯不同。為減少不必要的契約爭議與施工錯誤，業主應考量現今實際執行所產生的問題，應依不同階段所需成果交付時程及執行團隊人力配置需求來選擇適當的人員資格、人數及合理果交付時程，並提高契約金額。刪除契約不合理契約條款、制定模型檢核契約數量工作項目，以提高營建工程因採行BIM應用而增加效益。;Thanks to the adoption of Building Information Modeling (BIM), the construction industry was advanced from the design stage, and further to the facility/property management stage, in terms of minimizing mistakes and assuring a higher level of quality. Therefore, large scales public works in Taiwan are gradually required to introduce the BIM elements in order to facilitate various scopes of project management. This gradual process of technology introduction also invites a new set of management and contract risks to the contractors, particularly due to the lack of or inappropriate standards and specifications. In turn, this new set of risks also creates a refined rejection by practitioners to BIM.
This research work aims at delineating the above-mentioned risks, from analyzing relevant construction specifications and contract documents which are used in public works. This work compares the gaps between those BIM elements required by the owner and what are actually executed by the contractors, tabulates the problems found, and provides practical suggestions/solutions to those problems found. This work also discusses the implications of those BIM risks to project costing and management, and shows how such suggestions/solutions are likely to minimize disputes between the parties.
In view of the fact that the BIM approach treads an entire different path in executing a construction project, this work suggests that an anew set of contractual approach would also be required. It is proposed that a clear BIM guide and a new set of contract forms should be propagated by public owners, and these documents will form the base of public works tender documents, specifically in aspects of work scope, project deliverables, project costing, BIM manpower, quantity takeoff, and the relevant quality assurance system. When construction project owners are better equipped with BIM awareness and specifics, irrelevant or redundant BIM elements may be removed, and the true benefits of BIM may be further confirmed by all parties. |
