食物在文學中不僅是生存必需品，更深刻承載了族群文化、集體記憶與細膩情感。本研究旨在探討臺灣現代客語詩中的食物隱喻，探究詩人如何透過客語這一具備強烈「符號主體性」的載體，填補過去客家飲食研究多聚焦於敘事體裁（如小說、散文）而忽略詩歌高度濃縮性與象徵性的學術空缺。 本研究採用文本細讀法（Close Reading）概念隱喻理論（CMT）概念融合理論（CBT），系統性地爬梳臺灣戰後至今 24 位詩人、共 125 首客語詩作。研究首先將食物來源域分類為米麵食、食用植物、肉品及液態類四大範疇，觀察詩人在不同地域、性別與世代間的分布特徵。 研究發現現代客語詩中的食物隱喻包含私領域及公領域。在家庭倫理層面，詩人利用米食的「黏稠性」與湯品的「熱能傳遞」等物理屬性，將抽象的親情連結與家庭教養規範具象化；在性別勞動層面，揭示了客家女性如何像「覆菜」般在體制下被系統性地加工與消費，映射性別分工下的社會規範與主體意識之互動。在族群與歷史層面，提出「文化契約」概念，詮釋歲時節俗中食物所承載的有許有還之生命哲學。最後，在政治與國家認同層面，觀察食物隱喻如何從反映歷史創傷與政治監控，轉向為現代公民藉由味覺經驗完成主權意識的定錨，見證了客家族群從移民認同向在地主體意識的轉型軌跡。 總結而言，食物隱喻在臺灣現代客語詩中除了是味覺的再現，也是一套透過母語符號重構主體性、縫合歷史斷層的核心思維路徑。;Food in literature is more than a necessity for survival; it profoundly carries ethnic culture， collective memory， and delicate emotions . This study explores food metaphors in modern Taiwan Hakka poetry， investigating how poets utilize Hakka as a carrier with strong “symbolic subjectivity” to fill the academic gap in Hakka culinary research， which has previously focused on narrative genres such as novels and essays while overlooking the highly condensed and symbolic nature of poetry. Employing Close Reading， Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT)， and Conceptual Blending Theory (CBT)， this research systematically analyzes 125 Hakka poems by 24 poets in post-war Taiwan. The study first categorizes food source domains into four major categories: grains and noodles， edible plants， meat products， and liquids， observing their distributional characteristics across different regions， genders， and generations. The findings reveal that food metaphors in modern Hakka poetry encompass both private and public spheres. At the level of family ethics， poets utilize physical attributes such as the “stickiness” of rice products and the “heat transfer” of soups to visualize abstract familial bonds and household upbringing norms. Regarding gendered labor， the study reveals how Hakka women are systematically processed and consumed like “fucai” (dried mustard greens) within the traditional system， reflecting the interaction between social norms under the gender division of labor and subjective consciousness. On the ethnic and historical levels， the concept of a “Cultural Contract” is proposed to interpret the life philosophy of reciprocity—giving and returning—carried by food in seasonal customs. Finally， regarding politics and national identity， the study observes how food metaphors have shifted from reflecting historical trauma and political surveillance toward serving as tools for modern citizens to anchor their sovereign consciousness through gustatory experiences. This process witnesses the transition of the Hakka people from a migrant identity toward a local subjective consciousness. In conclusion， food metaphors in modern Taiwan Hakka poetry are not only representations of taste but also a core cognitive path for reconstructing subjectivity and healing historical ruptures through mother-tongue symbols.
