摘要 在全球化與文化同質化趨勢日益加劇的背景下，文化多樣性的維護已成為重要課題。我國憲法明定國家肯定多元文化，凸顯客家文化保存與延續的重要性。然而，客家文化的維繫不僅仰賴政策支持，更需從其歷史發展脈絡及產業基礎加以理解。從臺灣山林開發史觀之，客家族群長期參與山區拓墾與山林資源利用，山林是承載族群集體記憶的重要文化場域。研究指出，茶產業是桃竹苗地區客家族群象徵性產業。 桃園市龍潭區位於北臺灣客家茶區樞紐地帶亦是重要茶區之一，茶產業與地方社會緊密交織，素有茶鄉之稱。然而，隨著臺灣產業結構轉型，傳統茶產業逐漸式微。茶作為客家文化象徵的意義卻未隨之消失，而是持續存在於地方社會的集體記憶之中。 基於此，本研究關注桃園龍潭客家茶文化象徵之形塑。探討茶如何透過生產實踐、生活實踐與文化傳承，並結合口傳敘事（如山歌、童謠）、文本書寫及制度化機制等多重面向的交織作用，逐步形塑為客家文化的重要象徵，並成為客家族群集體記憶的載體。為回應此一研究目的，本研究採用訪談法與文獻分析法。 研究發現，茶之象徵化可理解為一個由「記憶材料的歷史累積」、「日常實踐的持續與內化」以及「制度化與文本再現的強化與固定」所構成的動態生成過程。此一過程顯示，文化象徵並非既定存在，而是在社會實踐與文化詮釋中持續被建構與穩定，進而使茶逐漸成為客家文化的重要象徵。換言之，茶之所以成為客家文化象徵，乃是在特定歷史脈絡、集體記憶與社會實踐交互作用下所形成的文化結果，而非單純的符號指涉。透過集體記憶視角之分析，本研究不僅深化客家茶文化研究的文化面向，亦有助於理解地方文化象徵形成、維繫與延續之動態機制。;Abstract In the context of increasing globalization and cultural homogenization， the preservation of cultural diversity has become an important issue. Taiwan′s Constitution explicitly recognizes multiculturalism， highlighting the importance of preserving and sustaining Hakka culture. However， the preservation of Hakka culture relies not only on policy support but also on an understanding of its historical development and industrial foundations. From the perspective of Taiwan′s mountain forest development history， the Hakka community has long participated in mountain area reclamation and the utilization of forest resources; mountain forests serve as an important cultural space carrying the collective memory of the community. Research indicates that the tea industry is a symbolic industry for the Hakka community in the Taoyuan， Hsinchu， and Miaoli regions. Longtan District in Taoyuan City， located at the hub of the northern Taiwan Hakka tea area， is also one of the important tea-producing regions. The tea industry is closely intertwined with the local society， earning it the reputation of a “tea hometown.” However， with the transformation of Taiwan′s industrial structure， the traditional tea industry has gradually declined. The symbolic significance of tea as a representation of Hakka culture has not disappeared but continues to exist within the collective memory of the local society. Based on this， this study focuses on the shaping of the symbolic meaning of Hakka tea culture in Longtan， Taoyuan. It explores how tea， through production practices， daily life practices， and cultural transmission， combined with oral narratives (such as mountain songs and children′s rhymes)， textual writings， and institutionalized mechanisms， gradually becomes an important symbol of Hakka culture and becomes a carrier of the Hakka community′s collective memory. To achieve this research objective， this study employs interviews and literature analysis. Research has found that the symbolization of tea can be understood as a dynamic generative process composed of the “historical accumulation of memory materials，” the “continuity and internalization of daily practices，” and the “reinforcement and fixation through institutionalization and textual representation.” This process demonstrates that cultural symbols are not pre-existing entities but are continuously constructed and stabilized through social practices and cultural interpretations， thereby gradually establishing tea an important symbol of Hakka culture. In other words， tea becomes a symbol of Hakka culture as a cultural outcome formed through the interaction of specific historical contexts， collective memory， and social practices， rather than merely a symbolic signifier. Through an analysis from the perspective of collective memory， this study not only deepens the cultural aspects of Hakka tea culture research but also contributes to understand the dynamic mechanisms underlying the formation， maintenance， and transmission of local cultural symbols.
